AOS 1 morphology + lexicology metalanguage

Question 1

what are the four types of nouns?

Answer 1

• common nouns (concrete or abstract)
• proper nouns (capitalised and name specific things)
• collective nouns (names for groups of animals, people, things, etc)
• plural nouns

Question 2

adjectives

Answer 2

define or modify nouns in terms of qualities, size, judgements or degree of comparison.

Question 3

what are the 5 types of adverbs?

Answer 3

TIME (soon, later)
FREQUENCY (always, occasionally, never)
MANNER (unconvincingly, slowly)
PLACE (around, everywhere, here)
DEGREE (completely, totally, somewhat)

Question 4

what do verbs do

Answer 4

denote actions, processes and states.
verbs can vary according to
- person (first, second, third)
- number (singular/plural)
- tense (present/past/etc)

Question 5

regular verbs

Answer 5

all form past tense by adding the suffix -ed

Question 6

irregular verbs

Answer 6

form past tense in ways that typically involve a change to the stem of the word

Question 7

what are the primary auxiliary verbs

Answer 7

to be, to have, to do.

Question 8

what are the modal verbs

Answer 8

auxiliary verbs that carry information to do with ability, permission, likelihood and obligation.

can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must

Question 9

what do determiners do

Answer 9

introduce noun phrases, and function as modifiers.

Question 10

what are the five determiners

Answer 10

ARTICLES (a, an, the)
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES (my, our, their, his, hers)
DEMONSTRATIVES (this, that)
INDEFINITE DETERMINERS (each, every, all, some)
NUMBERS (cardinal and ordinal)

Question 11

what are the five types of pronouns

Answer 11

SUBJECT (i, we, they)
OBJECT (me, us, them)
POSSESSIVE (mine, ours, theirs)
RELATIVE (that, who, whoever)
DEMONSTRATIVE (this, that, these, those)

Question 12

prepositions

Answer 12

function words that show the relationship between nouns/pronouns and other words in a sentence (behind, under, in, before, after, with, by)

Question 13

interjections

Answer 13

express a sudden/strong emotion (ouch, oh no, sorry)

Question 14

what are the 2 types of conjunctions

Answer 14

COORDINATING: link words and phrases together (fanboys: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
SUBORDINATING: only join clauses together.

Question 15

function words

Answer 15

exist to perform a job. convey grammatical relationships between words in a sentence.

Question 16

content words

Answer 16

carry real-world meaning. provide the content of a sentence.

Question 17

affixation

Answer 17

morphemes added to words including suffixes and prefixes.

Question 18

free morphemes

Answer 18

stand alone words

Question 19

bound morphemes

Answer 19

cannot stand independently.

Question 20

inflectional morpheme

Answer 20

do not change word meaning/class. simply provide additional grammatical info.

Question 21

derivational morpheme

Answer 21

change the meaning of words, create new words and sometimes change word class.

Question 22

what is a root word

Answer 22

base/centre of a word. smallest unit around which we build words.