Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular System > Aortic Disease > Flashcards

Aortic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What can aortic diseases affect?

A

Aortic root
Sinuses of Valsalva
Arch
Descending aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

A localised enlargement of an artery caused by weakening of the vessel wall (dilation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the layers to the T intima layer of vessel walls?

A

Layer of endothelial cells
Subendothelial layer: collagen and elastic fibres
Separated from T media by the Internal Elastic Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is T media of vessel wall composed of?

A

Smooth muscle cells

Secrete elastin as lamellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe histology of T. adventitia

A

Thin connective tissue layer
Collagen and elastin fibres
The collagen prevents elastic arteries from stretching beyond limits during systole - prevents rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What there conditions can atherosclerosis cause?

A

Stroke
Myocardial infarction
Aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two classifications of aneurysms?

A

True and false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the true aneurysm

A

Weakness and dilation of wall involve all 3 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are risk factors for true aneurysm?

A 
Hypertension 
Atherosclerosis 
Smoking 
Collagen abnormalities (Marfan's, cystic medial necrosis)
Trauma 
Infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the false aneurysm

A

Rupture of the aorta with the haematoma either contained by the thin adventitial layer or by the surrounding tissue - between the media and adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 3 causes of false aneurysms?

A

Inflammation (endocarditis, septic emboli)
Trauma
Iatrogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What clinical signs will false aneurysms cause?

A

Thrills
Bruits
Pulsatile mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an aortic dissection?

A

A rip between the two inner layer (T. intima and media) and create a false lumen

And with high BP, blood is forced into the false lumen which can occlude true lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of thoracic aneurysms?

A

Asymptomatic
Based on location of the aneurysm:
SOB or HF
Dysphagia and hoarseness (ascending aorta)
Sharp chest pain radiating to back (between blades)
Pulsatile mass
Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are different classifications of aortic aneurysms by site?

A

Ascending
Arch
Descending
Abdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are causes of dissection?

A

Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Taruma
Marfan’s syndrome

17
Q

What is the histological features of dissection?

A

Cystic medial necrosis

18
Q

What directions can the false lumen progress to?

A

Antegrade

Retrograde

19
Q

How can false lumen occlude branches?

A

Can stenos true lumen cutting of blood supply to branches

20
Q

Where can a rupture after the dissection occur?

A

Back into lumen
Externally in to pericardium (tamponade)
Mediastinum

21
Q

What can dilation of ascending aorta cause?

A

Acute regurgitation and thus can cause rapid progressive heart failure

22
Q

What are the symptoms of dissection?

A

Tearing, severe chest pain (radiating to back)

Collapse (tamponade, acute AR, external rupture)

23
Q

What are the symptoms of examination of a dissection?

A

Reduced or absent peripheral pulses
Hypotension/hypertension
Soft early diastolic murmur (sign of AR)
Pul. oedema

24
Q

What investigations should be carried out for dissection?

A

CXR - widened mediastinum

Can diagnose:
Echo
CT

25
Q

What is type A and type B dissections?

A

Type A: Involves ascending aorta

Type B: Involves descending aorta

26
Q

What is the treatment for Type A dissections?

A

Surgery

27
Q

What is the treatment for Type B dissections?

A

BP control

Sodium nitroprusside and beta blocker

28
Q

What are 2 agents that can cause infection and inflammation in the aorta?

A

Infection: syphyllis
Inflammation: Takayasu’s arteritis

29
Q

What is Takayasu’s Arteritis?

A

Granulomatous vasculitis inflammation of the aorta and its major branches

30
Q

What does Takayasu’s Arteritis cause?

A 
Stenosis 
Thrombosis 
Aneurysms 
Renal artery stenosis
Neurological symptoms
31
Q

How do you treat Takayasu’s Arteritis?

A

Steroids

Surgery

32
Q

What is syphilis?

A

STD caused by treponema palladium

Give antibiotics to prevent late stages

33
Q

What are causes for congenital aortic aneurysm?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve
Marfan’s syndrome
Coarctation

34
Q

What are the 3 shunts in the embryo?

A

Ductus arteriosus
Foramen vale
Ductus venosus

35
Q

What is coarctation?

A

Aortic narrowing close to where ductus arterioles inserts (becomes ligament arteriosum)

36
Q

What are 3 types of coarctations?

A

Preductal (5% turners)
Ductal
Post-ductal

37
Q

What are signs of coarctation?

A

Cold legs
Poor leg pulses
If before L subclavian artery: Radial-raidal and RIGHT femoral-femoral delay
If after L subclavian artery: no radial-radial delay, R and L radio-femoral delay

38
Q

What are the symptoms of coarctation?

A 
Infancy (HF and failure to thrive)
Later life (hypertension)
39
Q

What test can be used for coarctation?

A

CXR

CMRI

Cardiovascular System (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions