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Vascular Sonography > Aorta and Iliac Arteries > Flashcards

Aorta and Iliac Arteries Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 anterior branches off the abdominal AO?

A
  1. Celiac axis - common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries
  2. SMA - supplies small and some of the large intestine
  3. IMA - supplies large intestine
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2
Q

What branches off the celiac trunk are known as “wings of a seagull” sign on ultrasound?

A
  1. Common hepatic artery
  2. Splenic artery
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3
Q

Off the abdominal aorta are the renal arteries, which one is longer and higher than the other?

A

Right is longer and higher compared to the LRA

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4
Q

What are the posterior branches off the abdominal aorta?

A
  1. Lumbar arteries - 4 pairs
  2. Median sacral arteries - just above the Ao bifurcation
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5
Q

What level vertebrae does the Ao bifurcate?

A

L4

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6
Q

What are the internal iliac arteries also called?

A

Hypogastric arteries - supplies the pelvic organs

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7
Q

What population are AAA’s usually found in?

A

Men

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8
Q

What is the most common location for an AAA?

A

BELOW the renal arteries

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9
Q

How do we record and measure an AAA on ultrasound?

A
  1. Measure AP length of the AAA outer-outer wall of the vessel in both TRV and SAG **when measuring in SAG, make sure to measure in the same plane as the aorta is lying, perpendicular to the vessel itself
  2. Measure the width in TRV
  3. Use colour to determine if thrombus is present
  4. Use spectral doppler at each level as measurements are taken
  5. Note on the tech sheet where the AAA is located in relation to the renal arteries
  6. If plaque is present, report if it is homogenous or heterogenous and if it has calcifications
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10
Q

What is the normal infrarenal aortic diameter?

A

<2cm

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11
Q

What is ectasia of the aorta?

A

Mild diffuse enlargement but usually less than 3cm

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12
Q

What measurement is considered a true aneurysm?

A

Greater than or equal to 3cm

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13
Q

What is the most common form of AAA?

A

Fusiform

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14
Q

What are the ectatic and aneurysmal measurements for a common iliac artery aneurysm?

A

Ectasia >1.5 cm

Aneurysmal >2cm

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15
Q

Are CIA aneurysms usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

BILATERAL

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16
Q

What are the two surgical treatments for AAA?

A

Graft repair - open surgery

EVAR - endovascular aortic aneurysm repair with a stent- done via catheter

17
Q

For a patient who has a graft from an open surgical repair from an AAA, where will you measure on ultrasound of the diameter to make sure there is no pseudoaneurysm present?

A

Proximal and distal to the graft itself

18
Q

What is AIOD?

A

Aortoiliac occlusive disease

19
Q

What arteries will all be examined in AIOD?

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Internal iliacs
  3. External iliacs
20
Q

Occlusive disease due to AIOD begins where?

A

Near the Ao bifurcation

21
Q

What should be included in the report for an AIOD?

A
  1. Patency and velocities of aorta and iliacs
  2. With a stenotic area, need the PSV of stenosis / PSV proximal to stenosis to get a ratio
22
Q

A doubling in velocity (>2) between the adjacent
segments (at the stenosis and proximal to stenosis) indicates what?

A

50-99% stenosis

23
Q

What are the two surgical treatments for AIOD?

A
  1. Open surgery graft
  2. EVAR stent
24
Q

With a stent placed in the artery from AIOD, what PSV in the stent indicates a >50% stenosis?

What EDV suggests a >80% stenosis

A

PSV indicating >50% stenosis = >300cm/s

EDV indicating >80% stenosis = >150cm/s

25
Q

What is the most common complication after EVAR?

A

Endoleak

26
Q

What is persistent blood flow within the aneurysm sac after placement of an endograft known as?

A

Endoleak

27
Q

What is the most common type of endoleak?

A

Type 1 - Incomplete seal at the most proximal and most distal end of the attachment site

Vascular Sonography (17 decks)

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