AO3 studies Flashcards
Raine (not bio classic study)
supporting study for amygdala explaining crime
- 1793 3 year olds studied until 23
- those who lacked fear conditioning as a child grew up to show antisocial / aggressive behaviours
- 134 became criminal offenders
Yang 2009
supporting study for amygdala explaining crime
- surface deformations in the amygdala of psychopaths compared to controls using fMRI
- 17.1% left 18.9% right
Gotz et al
supporting study for XYY
- 34,000 infants studied
- those who had XYY showed higher aggression in adolescence and adulthood
Theilgard
supporting study for XYY
- 30,000 blood samples
- those with XYY had lower intelligence and higher aggression
Glueck and Glueck
supporting study for Freud
- 500 offenders and controls
- offenders 1.5x more likely to have separation with mother
Gale and Edwards
opposing study for Eysenck
- no significant difference between introverts and extraverts cortical arousal
Ruston and Christjohn
supporting study for Eysenck
- high PEN scores correlated positively with self reports of delinquency in school children
Brower & Price
supporting study for brain injury
- positive correlation with antisocial behaviour and frontal lobe deficits
Krutezer
opposing study for brain injury
- 20% out of 74 offenders were arrested before their injury
- so there must be other factors
Feschback and Singer
opposing study for SLT
- boys who watched violent TV were less likely to elicit violent behaviour
Patterson
supporting study for SLT
- children who grew up in aggressive homes elicit aggressive behaviour
Rosenthal and Jacobson
supporting study for SFP
- children labelled to teachers as intellectual bloomers had greater rise in IQ
Madon et al
supporting study for SFP
- questioned 115 13 year olds and parents
- those whose parents predicted greater alcohol use drank more alcohol over a year
Fuller
opposing study for SFP
- girls from comprehensive school in London negatively labelled performed better
Chambliss
supporting study for labelling
- boys labelled as roughnecks all but 2 became criminals
- 1/8 saints went to college
- even though delinquent acts were the same
McGrath
supporting study for labelling
- more perceived stigmatisation by respondents who offended younger or if they had more convictions younger
- more stigma = more likely to reoffend
Farrington et al
supporting study for labelling
- 118 males 93 females offenders
- For females, the strongest predictor for crime was labelling, increasing the risk of violent offence by 19.2
Thomas
support for PTP and JDM
- 34% jurors affected by PTP - remembered emphasis of media and guilt being suggested
- 20% found it hard to put it out of their mind
Honess et al
support for PTP and JDM
- emotional PTP more likely to be remembered than factual
- mock jury of 50 jurors
Steblay et al
support for PTP and JDM
- 44 studies in a meta analysis
- jurors exposed to PTP more likely to give guilty verdict
Mitchell et al
support for defendant characteristics
- black male drug users 13x more likely to be sentenced than white despite drug use being equivalent
Baldus et al
support for defendant characteristics
- black defendants more likely to be sentenced than white when juror was white
Dixon et al
support for defendant characteristics
- recording of suspect and officer
- higher guilt for Birmingham accent
Taylor et al
support for defendant characteristics
- 48 white and 48 black
- more likely to find less attractive guilty
Berry
support for case formulation
- must be unbiased to be effective
Capretta
opposing study for case formulation
- batterers improved on self report but recidivism rates did not decrease
Whitehead
supporting study for case formulation
- Mr C had a new sense of identity and prevented relapse
Federoff et al
support for hormone treatment
- 15% using MPA reoffended vs 68% not
Ireland
support for anger management
- 50 CALM prisoners
- 92% showed improvement in at least one behaviour
Damien Hanson
opposing study for anger management
- 24 CBT sessions
- released and murdered someone
Loza and Loza Fanous
opposing study for anger management
- violent vs non violent offenders
- no significant diff using AMP
Moston and Engelberg
support for ethical interview
- 118 tape recorded police interviews
- confrontational interviews obtained less information
Walsh and Milne
opposing study for ethical interview
- even after training, officers struggle to develop rapport
- taking extra time to do so is ineffective and only delays trial
Geiselman
support for cognitive interview
- 51 ppts viewed video of violent crime
- interviewed with CI and original
- CI 41.2 vs 29.4
Milne and Bull
support for cognitive interview
- any element of CI can be used in isolation and still be effective
Fisher
support for cognitive interview
- trained police in Florida interviewed witnesses from real crimes
- 47% more valuable info than standard
Holliday
support for cognitive interview
- CI provided more correct details for 5-9 year olds after watching a video of a children’s birthday party
Loftus and Messo
support for weapon focus
- man holding cheque or pointing gun
- measured eye movements
- in weapon conditions, recall was poorer and more eye fixation on gun
Valentine & Mesout
support for stress & anxiety
- recall of scary man in London dungeons
- questionnaire to measure trait anxiety
- correctly identified 5 in high anxiety vs 21 low
- 75% below average anxiety correctly identified
Yuille and Cutshall
opposing study for leading question
- real shooting in vancouver
- ‘did you see broken headlights’
- 84.36% remained accurate 4 months after event
