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Psychology 5: Criminal > AO3 studies > Flashcards

AO3 studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Raine (not bio classic study)

A

supporting study for amygdala explaining crime
- 1793 3 year olds studied until 23
- those who lacked fear conditioning as a child grew up to show antisocial / aggressive behaviours
- 134 became criminal offenders

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2
Q

Yang 2009

A

supporting study for amygdala explaining crime
- surface deformations in the amygdala of psychopaths compared to controls using fMRI
- 17.1% left 18.9% right

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3
Q

Gotz et al

A

supporting study for XYY
- 34,000 infants studied
- those who had XYY showed higher aggression in adolescence and adulthood

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4
Q

Theilgard

A

supporting study for XYY
- 30,000 blood samples
- those with XYY had lower intelligence and higher aggression

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5
Q

Glueck and Glueck

A

supporting study for Freud
- 500 offenders and controls
- offenders 1.5x more likely to have separation with mother

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6
Q

Gale and Edwards

A

opposing study for Eysenck
- no significant difference between introverts and extraverts cortical arousal

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7
Q

Ruston and Christjohn

A

supporting study for Eysenck
- high PEN scores correlated positively with self reports of delinquency in school children

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8
Q

Brower & Price

A

supporting study for brain injury
- positive correlation with antisocial behaviour and frontal lobe deficits

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9
Q

Krutezer

A

opposing study for brain injury
- 20% out of 74 offenders were arrested before their injury
- so there must be other factors

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10
Q

Feschback and Singer

A

opposing study for SLT
- boys who watched violent TV were less likely to elicit violent behaviour

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11
Q

Patterson

A

supporting study for SLT
- children who grew up in aggressive homes elicit aggressive behaviour

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12
Q

Rosenthal and Jacobson

A

supporting study for SFP
- children labelled to teachers as intellectual bloomers had greater rise in IQ

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13
Q

Madon et al

A

supporting study for SFP
- questioned 115 13 year olds and parents
- those whose parents predicted greater alcohol use drank more alcohol over a year

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14
Q

Fuller

A

opposing study for SFP
- girls from comprehensive school in London negatively labelled performed better

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15
Q

Chambliss

A

supporting study for labelling
- boys labelled as roughnecks all but 2 became criminals
- 1/8 saints went to college
- even though delinquent acts were the same

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16
Q

McGrath

A

supporting study for labelling
- more perceived stigmatisation by respondents who offended younger or if they had more convictions younger
- more stigma = more likely to reoffend

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17
Q

Farrington et al

A

supporting study for labelling
- 118 males 93 females offenders
- For females, the strongest predictor for crime was labelling, increasing the risk of violent offence by 19.2

18
Q

Thomas

A

support for PTP and JDM
- 34% jurors affected by PTP - remembered emphasis of media and guilt being suggested
- 20% found it hard to put it out of their mind

19
Q

Honess et al

A

support for PTP and JDM
- emotional PTP more likely to be remembered than factual
- mock jury of 50 jurors

20
Q

Steblay et al

A

support for PTP and JDM
- 44 studies in a meta analysis
- jurors exposed to PTP more likely to give guilty verdict

21
Q

Mitchell et al

A

support for defendant characteristics
- black male drug users 13x more likely to be sentenced than white despite drug use being equivalent

22
Q

Baldus et al

A

support for defendant characteristics
- black defendants more likely to be sentenced than white when juror was white

23
Q

Dixon et al

A

support for defendant characteristics
- recording of suspect and officer
- higher guilt for Birmingham accent

24
Q

Taylor et al

A

support for defendant characteristics
- 48 white and 48 black
- more likely to find less attractive guilty

25
Q

Berry

A

support for case formulation
- must be unbiased to be effective

26
Q

Capretta

A

opposing study for case formulation
- batterers improved on self report but recidivism rates did not decrease

27
Q

Whitehead

A

supporting study for case formulation
- Mr C had a new sense of identity and prevented relapse

28
Q

Federoff et al

A

support for hormone treatment
- 15% using MPA reoffended vs 68% not

29
Q

Ireland

A

support for anger management
- 50 CALM prisoners
- 92% showed improvement in at least one behaviour

30
Q

Damien Hanson

A

opposing study for anger management
- 24 CBT sessions
- released and murdered someone

31
Q

Loza and Loza Fanous

A

opposing study for anger management
- violent vs non violent offenders
- no significant diff using AMP

32
Q

Moston and Engelberg

A

support for ethical interview
- 118 tape recorded police interviews
- confrontational interviews obtained less information

33
Q

Walsh and Milne

A

opposing study for ethical interview
- even after training, officers struggle to develop rapport
- taking extra time to do so is ineffective and only delays trial

34
Q

Geiselman

A

support for cognitive interview
- 51 ppts viewed video of violent crime
- interviewed with CI and original
- CI 41.2 vs 29.4

35
Q

Milne and Bull

A

support for cognitive interview
- any element of CI can be used in isolation and still be effective

36
Q

Fisher

A

support for cognitive interview
- trained police in Florida interviewed witnesses from real crimes
- 47% more valuable info than standard

37
Q

Holliday

A

support for cognitive interview
- CI provided more correct details for 5-9 year olds after watching a video of a children’s birthday party

38
Q

Loftus and Messo

A

support for weapon focus
- man holding cheque or pointing gun
- measured eye movements
- in weapon conditions, recall was poorer and more eye fixation on gun

39
Q

Valentine & Mesout

A

support for stress & anxiety
- recall of scary man in London dungeons
- questionnaire to measure trait anxiety
- correctly identified 5 in high anxiety vs 21 low
- 75% below average anxiety correctly identified

40
Q

Yuille and Cutshall

A

opposing study for leading question
- real shooting in vancouver
- ‘did you see broken headlights’
- 84.36% remained accurate 4 months after event

Psychology 5: Criminal (23 decks)

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