Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

10. Congenital Heart dz > Ao arch anomalies > Flashcards

Ao arch anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

Embryology aortic arch system

A
  • Aortic arches: paired arteries from aortic sac on ventral surface of embryo
    o Paired dorsal aorta
  • Total of 6 paired Ao arches develop, not present at same time
  • Surround esophagus and trachea
  • Modified during development to form major component of arterial system
    o All of mature Ao arch structures lie on L side of esophagus/trachea
     Except birds: normally have R Ao arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which arch regress

A

1,2,5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3rd arch becomes

A

internal common carotids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

L 4rth arch become

A

portion of Ao root, join persistent L dorsal Ao

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

R 4rth arch become

A

R subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

6th arch become

A

R: RPA
L: LPA + DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dorsal Ao become

A

L: desceding Ao
R: portion of R subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

7th intersegmental arteries become

A

L subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which species do 5th Ao arch do not regress

A

Reptiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Species differences in BCT

A
  • Eq, Bo: 1 BCT
  • Ca, Fe, Po, rabbits/mice: BCT + L subclavian
  • Hu, Rat: BCT + L subclavian + R common carotid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common vascular anomaly

A

PRAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Breeds PRAA

A

o ↑ incidence: German Shepherd, Irish Setter
o Also reported in Geart Dane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pathophys PRAA

A

o Absence of L aortic arch → R Ao arch persists
o Ring formed w/ L sided DA + PA → entrapment of esophagus btw PA, trachea and ligamentum/PDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DDX PRAA

A

o Double Ao arch
o Retroesophageal L or R subclavian artery
o R ligamentum arteriosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C/s PRAA

A

typically swallowing difficulties
o Young animal
o Regurgitation after meal
o Thin/emaciated animal with normal heart/lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CTX changes PRAA

A
  • Radiographs: air, fluid filled esophagus cranial to heart
    o Dilation starts at thoracic inlet
    o End abruptly at heart base
    o On DV: mediastinal dilation cranial to heart with S shaped trachea on right
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PRAA 1/3 of dogs also have

A

retro L subcl.

18
Q

Histo PRAA

A

o Normally: Ao, ductus arteriosus and PA are on the L of trachea
o PRAA: Ao arch on the R while ductus arteriosus and PA on the L side
 Leftward deviation of trachea
 Compression by vascular structures → deformed, overlapped cartilages

19
Q

Tx PRAA

A

o Dissection of ligamentum/ductus → relieve obstruction
o Survival rate is 80%
o Post op care: small, frequent meals at elevated levels
o Prognosis is variable depending on if dog regurgitation frequently/aspiration pneumonia

20
Q

Double Ao arch: features

A
  • Persistence of both 4th aortic arches
    o Ascending aorta branching into R and L branches
     R commonly larger
    o Course along either side of esophagus and trachea
    o Reunite caudally to form descending Ao
21
Q

vascular ring formed by XX in double Ao arch

A

o Ao arches
o Ligamentum

21
Q

Tx double Ao arch

A

o Divide one of the persistent Ao arch → least functional/atretic
o Leave the other as the functional arch

21
Q

Double Ao arch associated w/

A

malformed tracheal rings

21
Q

Normal subclavian anatomy

A
  • Normally, R subclavian leaves brachiocephalic trunk on the L and course to the R front leg below esophagus
22
Q

Retroesophageal left subclavian artery features

A
  • L 7th intersegmental artery fails to reach L 4th Ao arch before it separates from dorsal Ao
    o 1/3 of dogs with PRAA
  • Dorsal compression of esophagus + compression from PRAA
23
Q

Retroesophageal right subclavian artery features

A
  • R 7th intersegmental artery fails to reach R 4th Ao arch before it separates from dorsal Ao
  • Results in R subclavian arising from dorsal Ao → crossing over esophagus
  • Similar compression to PRAA
  • Reported in 4 Bulldogs
24
Q

Tx anomalous Subclavian

A

ligation

25
Q

Right ligamentum arteriosum features

A
  • Remnant of R 6th caudal Ao arch
    o Normally ductus will arise from L 6th Ao arch
    o Can coexist with other arch abnormalities
    o Can also be functional R PDA
26
Q

Ring formed from Right ligamentum arteriosum

A
  • Vascular compression of esophagus
    o Ventrally attached to RPA
    o Dorsally attached to
     Ao
     Retroesophageal R subclavian artery
     R 4th Ao arch
27
Q

Coarctation of Ao feature

A
  • Ridge at jct of arch and descending Ao
    o Site of ductus arteriosus attachment
28
Q

Coarctation of Ao cause

A

unclear, but thought to be secondary to ectopic ductal tissue or abnormal preductal flow

29
Q

Coarctation of Ao clinical significance

A

o Poor perfusion of descending Ao
o Hypertension of cranial limbs
o LVH
o Collateral development

30
Q

PE coarct Ao

A

differential pulse
o Front limbs: systolic > diastolic
o Back limbs: systolic < diastolic

31
Q

Tubular hypoplasia def

A

segmental narrowing >50%

32
Q

Interruption of Ao

A

Extreme form of coarctation
* Perfusion of distal limbs from PDA + collateral vessels
o ↑ R heart pressure: RVE + RVH

33
Q

Aortic aneurysm

A
  • Ao dilation → compared to Marfan syndrome in Hu
    o Fibrillin gene-1
  • Older cats (mild) or large breed dogs
34
Q

Aortocardiac fistula

A
  • Eq: often btw Ao root → RA/RV
    o Can be associated w aneurysm of sinus Valsalva
35
Q

Persistent L CrVC

A
  • Commonly seen with vascular ring anomalies
  • Normal in rabbits and rodents
  • Can be single or have L and R cava
  • 2 types: incomplete vs complete (enters CS at caudal RA)
  • No clinical significance
36
Q

L azygos vein

A
  • Remnant of L supracardinal vein
  • Enters CS
37
Q

Anomalies of the CaCV

A
  • Double CaVC: sacrocardinal and subcardinal vein remain
  • Absent CaVC: R subcardinal vein fails to connect to liver
    o Blood goes from caudal body → azygos → CrVC and heptic vein → RA
38
Q

How would you interpret the presence of 3 cranial arch vessels in a dog with a left-sided fourth arch?

A

L sided aortic arch with anomalous R subclavian artery (image E)

10. Congenital Heart dz (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions