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Psychiatry > Anxiety disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 models of stress?

A

Biomechanical engineering - straw that broke camel’s back
Medicophysiological
Psychological

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2
Q

What is the psychological model of stress?

A

An individual’s stress will depend on a balance of perception of the perceived threat and perceived ability to cope

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3
Q

What is problem focused coping?

A

Efforts are directed toward modifying the stressor

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4
Q

What is emotion focused coping?

A

Modify emotional reaction - mental defence mechanisms

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5
Q

What are symptom groups within fight or flight?

A 
Psychological arousal
Autonomic arousal
Muscle tension
Hyperventilation
Sleep disturbance
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6
Q

What symptoms are within psychological arousal?

A 
Fearful anticipation
Irritability
Sensitivity to noise
Poor concentration
Worrying thoughts
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7
Q

What symptoms are within autonomic arousal?

A 
Dry mouth
Swallowing difficulty
Dyspepsia
Loose motions
Tight chest
Palpitations
Urinary frequency
Dizziness
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8
Q

What symptoms are within muscle tension?

A

Tremor
Headache
Muscle pain

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9
Q

What symptoms are within hyperventilation?

A

Hypocapnia

Breathlessness

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10
Q

What symptoms are found within sleep disturbance?

A

Initial insomnia
Frequent waking
Nightmaress

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11
Q

What are phobic anxiety disorders?

A

Anxiety symptoms occuring in specific circumstances

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12
Q

What are examples of phobic anxiety disorders?

A

Agoraphobia
Social phobia
Specific isolated phobias

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13
Q

What is generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Persistent anxiety symptoms

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14
Q

What are differentials for anxiety disorders?

A

Psychiatric - depression, schizophrenia, dementia, substance misuse
Physical - thyrotoxicosis, hypoglycaemia, phaeochromocytoma, asthma

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15
Q

Is generalised anxiety disorder more common in men or women?

A

Women

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16
Q

What causes generalised anxiety disorder?

A

A stressor acting on a personality predisposed to the disorder by a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences in childhood

17
Q

What can be used to manage generalised anxiety disorders?

A

Counselling
Relaxation training
Medication
CBT

18
Q

What kind of scenarios can trigger agoraphobia?

A

Being on a plan/bus/public transport

Being somewhere they might not escape

19
Q

What is social phobia?

A

Inappropriate anxiety in situation where person feels observed or could be criticised

20
Q

How is social phobia managed?

A

CBT
Education and advice
Medication - SSRI

21
Q

What is OCD?

A

Experience of recurrent obsessional thoughts or compulsive acts

22
Q

What are obsessional thoughts?

A

Ideas, imagess or impulses occuring repeated unwillingly, unpleasant and distressing and recognised as their own thoughts

23
Q

What are compulsive acts?

A

Stereotypical behaviours repeated again and again, not enjoyable, not helpful, viewed by sufferer as preventing harm to self or others, and pointless

24
Q

What is the theorised aetiology for OCD?

A

5HT receptor abnormalities - serotonin

25
Q

How is OCD managed?

A 
Good history and mental state examination to exclude depressive illness
Education and explanation
Involve family
SSRI
CBT - GRADE A
Psychosurgery
26
Q

What is PTSD?

A

Delayed or protracted reaction to a stressor of exceptional severity

27
Q

What can cause PTSD?

A 
Combat
Natural or human caused disaster
Rape
Assault
Torture
Witnessing any of the above
28
Q

What are the 3 key elements to PTSD?

A

Hyperarousal
Re-experiencing phenomena
Avoidance of reminders

29
Q

What are features of hyperarousal?

A

Persistent anxiety
Irritability
Insomnia
Poor concentration

30
Q

What are features of re-experiencing phenomena?

A

Intense intrusive images - flashbacks when awake, nightmares during sleep

31
Q

What are features of avoidance in PTSD?

A

Emotional numbness
Cue avoidance
Recall difficulties
Diminishes interests

32
Q

What is aetiology of PTSD?

A

Nature of stressor - life threatening confers greater risk
Vulnerability factors
Partly genetic

33
Q

What are vulnerability factors for PTSD?

A 
Mood disorder
Previous trauma - especially as child
Lack of social support
Female
Protective factors
Higher education
Good paternal relationship
34
Q

How is PTSD managed?

A

Survivors of disasters screened at 1 month

Trauma focused CBT if severe symptoms

Psychiatry (18 decks)

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