Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
What are models of stress?
Biomechanical ‘Engineering”
Medicophysiological
Psychological
Psychological stress model?
Interactive
Individuals reaction depend on balance of cognitive processing of threat and perceived ability to cope
Coping - problem or emotion focussed
Generalised anxiety disorder?
Persistent symptoms not confined to situation or object
All symptoms of human anxiety can occur
F>M
Management of generalised anxiety?
counselling
Relaxation training
medication - SSRIs, TCAs, sedatives
CBT
Phobic anxiety disorders?
Only in specific circumstances
Phobic avoidance
Anxiety if perceived threat of fear
Social phobia?
anxiety where person feels observed or could be criticised
Any anxiety symptoms - blushing, tremor predominate
Management with CBT, education and advice, SSRIs
Agoraphobia?
Fear and avoid places that make you panic
Obsessive compulsive disorder?
Experience of recurrent obsessional thoughts and/or compulsive acts
F=M
What are obsessional thoughts?
Ideas, images or impulses Occurring repeatedly, not willed Unpleasant and distressing Recognised as individuals own thoughts Usual key anxiety symptoms arise because of distress of thoughts or attempts to resist
What are compulsive acts or rituals?
Stereotypical behaviours repeated again and again
Not enjoyable or helpful
Often viewed by sufferer as preventing some harm to self or others or pointless and resisted with key anxiety symptom accompanying resistance
Management OCD?
Education and explanation Involve partner/family SSRIs CBT Psychosurgery
Post traumatic Stress Disorder
Delayed and/or protracted reaction to a stressor of exception severity
(combat, natural or human caused disaster, rape, assault, torture, witnessing these)
W > M
Three key elements of PTSD reaction?
Hyperarousal
Re-experiencing phenomena
Avoidance of reminders
Hyperarousal features?
Persistent anxiety
Irritability
Insomnia
Poor concentration
Re-experiencing phenomena?
Intense intrusive images
Flashbacks when awake
Nightmares when asleep
