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Disciplines (Cholley) > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define: anxiety

A

Apprehension or fear

  • Anticipation of threat
  • Source of uneasiness is not always known
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2
Q

What are anxiety disorders?

A

Psychiatric conditions that involve excessive worry

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3
Q

Define: fear

A

Emotional response to real or perceived danger

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4
Q

What condition often accompanies anxiety disorders?

A

Depression

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5
Q

What are characteristics of “Normal” anxiety?

A
  • Response to threatening situation (Fight or flight)
  • Increased HR, BP, RR, muscle tension
  • SNS sx (Tremor, sweating, polyuria, diarrhea)
  • All beneficial responses in the case of a real threat
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6
Q

What is “Abnormal” anxiety?

A

Response to normal anxiety is out-of-portion to threat & is more prolonged

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7
Q

What physical sx accompany anxiety?

A
  • Twitching/trembling
  • Muscle tension
  • Headaches
  • Sweating
  • Dry mouth
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Abdominal pain
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8
Q

What are major mediators of anxiety?

A
  • Norepinephrine
  • Serotonine
  • Dopamine
  • Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
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9
Q

Define: separation anxiety

A

Distress when a person is away from parents, another caregiver, or home

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10
Q

At what age does separation anxiety peak & diminish?

A
  • Peaks btwn 8-18 mo

- Diminishes by 2 ½ years

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11
Q

Separation anxiety usually co-exists w/ what?

A

Anxiety disorder

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12
Q

Tx of separation anxiety

A
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • Family psychosocial therapy
  • Serotonin-reuptake inhibitors
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13
Q

When is suicide risk increased?

A

If pt has co-existing anxiety

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14
Q

Define: specific phobia

A

Marked or persistent fear (>6 months) that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation

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15
Q

Clinical features of specific phobia

A
  • Severe anxiety when exposed to phobic situations/objects
  • Anticipation of phobia induces severe anxiety
  • Extreme measures to avoid phobic situations
  • Substance abuse common to combat anxiety in these situations
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16
Q

Define: acrophobia

A

Fear of heights

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17
Q

Define: Agoraphobia

A

Fear of open places

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18
Q

Define: Ailurophobia

A

Fear of cats

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19
Q

Define: Cynophobia

A

Fear of dogs

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20
Q

Define: Mysophobia

A

Fear of dirt/germs

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21
Q

Define: Xenophobia

A

Fear of strangers

22
Q

Tx of specific phobia

A
  • Relaxation techniques
  • Anti-anxiety meds
  • Desensitization
23
Q

Fear of social situations

A
  • Scrutiny
  • Embarrassment
  • Eating in public
  • Speaking in front of others
24
Q

Features of panic vs features of social anxiety disorder

A

Panic:

  • Breathlessness
  • Dizziness
  • Sense of suffocation
  • Fear of dying

SAD:

  • Blushing
  • Muscle twitching
  • Anxiety about scrutiny
25
Q

Tx of social anxiety disorder

A
  • Psychotherapy & pharmacotherapy
  • SSRI, benzodiazepines, venlafaxine (Effexor), buspirone (Buspar)
  • Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists w/ performance situations
  • Cognitive, behavioral, & exposure techniques
26
Q

Define: panic disorder

A

Acute attack of anxiety w/ overwhelming feeling of impending doom

27
Q

Panic-inducing substances

A
  • Substances causing shift in acid-base balance

- Substances acting through neurotransmitters

28
Q

Examples of substances that cause acid-base shift

A
  • CO2
  • Sodium lactate
  • HCO3
29
Q

Examples of substances that act on neurotransmitters

A
  • yohimbine
  • flumazenil
  • cholecystokinin
  • isoproterenol
  • caffeine
30
Q

Panic disorder: Psychosocial factors

A
  • Feel that panic comes out of the blue
  • More stressful life events
  • Hx of child or sexual abuse
  • Unconscious ideas about stressful events
31
Q

Define: panic attack

A

Abrupt surge of intense fear or physical discomfort, reaching a peak within mins

32
Q

What should you worry about w/ regards to panic attacks?

A

Cardiorespiratory problems

33
Q

What percentage of people become vasovagal & lose consciousness?

A

20%

34
Q

Sx of a panic attack

A
  • Palpitations, tachy
  • Sweating
  • Trembling, shaking
  • SOB
  • Chest pain
  • Nausea, dizziness
  • Chills or hot flashes
    & more!
35
Q

Course/Px of panic disorder

A
  • Late adolescence
  • Chronic
  • Once the pt realizes he/she has panic, they will often become less concerned over the episodes
  • May become worse during certain times in life w/ uptick in sx
36
Q

Tx of panic disorder

A
  • Cognitive behavioral therapy

- Pharmacotherapy (SSRIs, Benzodiazipines)

37
Q

What is the length of tx for those w/ panic disorder?

A

6-12 months

Sometimes long-term

38
Q

Features of agoraphobia

A
  • Fears/avoids situations bc escape may be difficult
  • Provokes anxiety
  • Avoidance/fear interferes w/ routine or fxn
  • Panic disorder tied to dx
39
Q

Tx of agoraphobia

A
  • SSRIs (1st-line)
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Psychotherapy
40
Q

Define: GAD

A

Excessive uncontrollable worry about everyday things

- Affects daily fxn

41
Q

GAD can occur w/ what?

A
  • Other anxiety disorders
  • Depressive disorders
  • Substance abuse
42
Q

What does GAD usually revolve around?

A
  • Job
  • Finances
  • Health of self or family
  • Chores
  • Being late to appts
43
Q

GAD: Psychosocial factors

A
  • Response to perceived dangers is inaccurate
  • Focus on negative details in environment
  • Distorted info processing & thoughts
  • Negative view of own ability
44
Q

GAD: Px

A

Life-long

  • Drugs do NOT provide cure
  • Drug therapy often necessary
45
Q

GAD: tx

A

*Recommended long term
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- Insight-oriented therapy
- Pharmacotherapy (SSRIs
Benzodiazepines, Buspirone
SNRI)

46
Q

What medical conditions can cause anxiety disorder & have the highest occurrence of panic?

A
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Those awaiting transplants
  • Sjögren’s syndrome
  • Grave’s disease
47
Q

Substance-induced anxiety disorder is a result of what?

A
  • Drug abuse
  • Medication use
  • Poison
  • Alcohol
48
Q

What substances can cause substance-induced anxiety?

A
  • Sympathomimetics (amphetamines, cocaine, & caffeine)

- Serotonergic drugs (LSD & MDMA)

49
Q

Clinical features of substance-induced anxiety disorder

A
  • Vary with the substance used
  • Cognitive impairments
  • Memory impairment
  • Using alcohol for anxiety ***
50
Q

Tx of substance-induced anxiety

A
  • Removal of offending substance
  • If a med; find an alternative
  • Limit exposure if environmental
  • Tx w/ drug therapy & psychotherapy if it persists after discontinuing the substance

Disciplines (Cholley) (9 decks)

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