Anxiety Diosrders-Kohlenberg Flashcards
Although each anxiety disorder has different symptoms, each clusters around which things?
excessive irrational fear & dread
What is fear?
What is anxiety?
fear: emotional response to real or perceived threat
anxiety: anticipation of future threat
What are examples of specific disorders that fit into the anxiety category?
Specific Phobia Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Separation Anxiety Disorder Selective Mutism
What are examples of specific disorders in the obsessive compulsive category?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Body Dysmorphic Disorder Hoarding Disorder Hair-Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania) Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
What are examples of specific disorders in the trauma & stressor related disorder category?
Adjustment Disorders Acute Stress Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reactive Attachment Disorder Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
What are examples of specific disorders in the dissociative category?
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
What is a specific phobia?
Marked fear about a specific object or situation (flying, heights, animals, injections, blood). Lasting over 6 months Prevalence: 12 month, US, 7-9% Etiology: After a trauma, sometimes Evolutionary function perhaps
Describe exposure therapy to treat a specific phobia.
expose the person to the feared stimulus
systematic desensitization
What is social anxiety disorder aka social phobia?
Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Such as talking, meeting unfamiliar people, being observed, performing.
The social situations are avoided
3rd largest mental health problem in the world today.
What is the treat for social anxiety disorder?
exposure!
make a speech until you are comfortable.
What is a panic disorder?
puts people in the ER b/c they think they are having a heart attack.
Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. Intense fear, reaches a peak within minutes, can experience 4 or more of the following: Palpitations, accelerated heart rate Sweating Trembling, shaking Chest pain Nausea Chills Paresthesias Derealization Fear of losing control or going crazy Fear of dying Dizzy
T/F A medical condition can underly panic attacks.
True.
often a medical condition that causes palpitations & then the panic accompanies it.
What’s the deal with panic attacks?
1 month of worry about additional panic attacks
Significant maladaptive change in behavior in the service of avoiding them
Not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
Not better explained by another mental disorder
AVOID anything that may raise their heart rate.
What is the prevalence & onset of panic attacks?
Prevalence…12 month, 2-3%.
Development: Median age of onset: 20-24 years.
What is the treatment for panic attacks?
Exposure
Interoceptive exposure, eg. Increasing heart rate, hyperventilation, inducing dizziness
And relaxation skills, breathing, imagining a safe place…
What is agoraphobia?
Marked fear or anxiety about two or more of the following:
Using public transportation
Being in open spaces
Being in enclosed spaces
Standing in line or being in a crowd
Being outside of the home alone
And the individual avoids these situations
What is agoraphobia often preceded by? What is the prognosis & treatment?
preceded by panic attacks
chronic condition, w/ rare remittance
treatment: exposure to a little anxiety
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) about a number of events or activities, occurring more days than not for at least six months.
Difficulty controlling worry
At least 3 specific anxiety symptoms (restlessness, fatigued, difficulty concentrating..)
Not consistent with other anxiety disorder
Anxiety interferes with person’s life
Anxiety is not due to a substance
Causing clinically significant distress
Prevalence: about 3% for adults.
Most people with GAD report feeling anxious much of their lives.
AVOIDANCE is key
treatment: exposure to experiences that make the person anxious.
What are obsessions?
recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images, they are intrusive and unwanted, and cause marked distress.
The individual tries to ignore or suppress them, or to neutralize them by another thought or action.
What are compulsions?
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts, that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession
This is to prevent or reduce anxiety
Is pure obsession difficult to treat?
yes, but possible
exposure to thought–listen & tell it over & over again until it no longer raises their anxiety levels
What is the prevalence of OCD? Relationship to suicidal thoughts & attempts?
prevalence: 1%
thoughts in 50%
attempts in 25%
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others.
Repetitive behaviors (mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking…)
Preoccupation causes distress
Prevalence: 2.4%
What is hoarding disorder?
Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.
This is due to a perceived need to save items and to distress associated with discarding them.
Clinically significant distress
What is the prevalence of hoarding disorder? Who is it more common in?
prevalence: 2-6%
more common in older adults
75% of hoarders have a comorbid disorder such as?
mood or anxiety disorder MDD social phobia generalized anxiety disorder OCD
