Anxiety Diosrders-Kohlenberg

Question 1

Although each anxiety disorder has different symptoms, each clusters around which things?

Answer 1

excessive irrational fear & dread

Question 2

What is fear?

What is anxiety?

Answer 2

fear: emotional response to real or perceived threat
anxiety: anticipation of future threat

Question 3

What are examples of specific disorders that fit into the anxiety category?

Answer 3

Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Selective Mutism

Question 4

What are examples of specific disorders in the obsessive compulsive category?

Answer 4

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Hoarding Disorder
Hair-Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania)
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder

Question 5

What are examples of specific disorders in the trauma & stressor related disorder category?

Answer 5

Adjustment Disorders
Acute Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Question 6

What are examples of specific disorders in the dissociative category?

Answer 6

Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Amnesia
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

Question 7

What is a specific phobia?

Answer 7

Marked fear about a specific object or situation (flying, heights, animals, injections, blood).
Lasting over 6 months
Prevalence:  12 month, US, 7-9%
Etiology:  After a trauma, sometimes
Evolutionary function perhaps

Question 8

Describe exposure therapy to treat a specific phobia.

Answer 8

expose the person to the feared stimulus

systematic desensitization

Question 9

What is social anxiety disorder aka social phobia?

Answer 9

Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others. Such as talking, meeting unfamiliar people, being observed, performing.
The social situations are avoided
3rd largest mental health problem in the world today.

Question 10

What is the treat for social anxiety disorder?

Answer 10

exposure!

make a speech until you are comfortable.

Question 11

What is a panic disorder?

Answer 11

puts people in the ER b/c they think they are having a heart attack.

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.  Intense fear, reaches a peak within minutes, can experience 4 or more of the following:
Palpitations, accelerated heart rate
Sweating
Trembling, shaking
Chest pain
Nausea
Chills
Paresthesias
Derealization
Fear of losing control or going crazy
Fear of dying
Dizzy

Question 12

T/F A medical condition can underly panic attacks.

Answer 12

True.

often a medical condition that causes palpitations & then the panic accompanies it.

Question 13

What’s the deal with panic attacks?

Answer 13

1 month of worry about additional panic attacks
Significant maladaptive change in behavior in the service of avoiding them
Not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
Not better explained by another mental disorder
AVOID anything that may raise their heart rate.

Question 14

What is the prevalence & onset of panic attacks?

Answer 14

Prevalence…12 month, 2-3%.

Development: Median age of onset: 20-24 years.

Question 15

What is the treatment for panic attacks?

Answer 15

Exposure
Interoceptive exposure, eg. Increasing heart rate, hyperventilation, inducing dizziness
And relaxation skills, breathing, imagining a safe place…

Question 16

What is agoraphobia?

Answer 16

Marked fear or anxiety about two or more of the following:
Using public transportation
Being in open spaces
Being in enclosed spaces
Standing in line or being in a crowd
Being outside of the home alone
And the individual avoids these situations

Question 17

What is agoraphobia often preceded by? What is the prognosis & treatment?

Answer 17

preceded by panic attacks
chronic condition, w/ rare remittance
treatment: exposure to a little anxiety

Question 18

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer 18

Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) about a number of events or activities, occurring more days than not for at least six months.
Difficulty controlling worry
At least 3 specific anxiety symptoms (restlessness, fatigued, difficulty concentrating..)
Not consistent with other anxiety disorder
Anxiety interferes with person’s life
Anxiety is not due to a substance
Causing clinically significant distress

Prevalence: about 3% for adults.
Most people with GAD report feeling anxious much of their lives.
AVOIDANCE is key
treatment: exposure to experiences that make the person anxious.

Question 19

What are obsessions?

Answer 19

recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images, they are intrusive and unwanted, and cause marked distress.
The individual tries to ignore or suppress them, or to neutralize them by another thought or action.

Question 20

What are compulsions?

Answer 20

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts, that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession
This is to prevent or reduce anxiety

Question 21

Is pure obsession difficult to treat?

Answer 21

yes, but possible

exposure to thought–listen & tell it over & over again until it no longer raises their anxiety levels

Question 22

What is the prevalence of OCD? Relationship to suicidal thoughts & attempts?

Answer 22

prevalence: 1%
thoughts in 50%
attempts in 25%

Question 23

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

Answer 23

Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others.
Repetitive behaviors (mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking…)
Preoccupation causes distress
Prevalence: 2.4%

Question 24

What is hoarding disorder?

Answer 24

Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.
This is due to a perceived need to save items and to distress associated with discarding them.
Clinically significant distress

Question 25

What is the prevalence of hoarding disorder? Who is it more common in?

Answer 25

prevalence: 2-6%

more common in older adults

Question 26

75% of hoarders have a comorbid disorder such as?

Answer 26

mood or anxiety disorder
MDD
social phobia
generalized anxiety disorder
OCD