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AMP > Anxiety > Flashcards

Anxiety Flashcards

1
Q

what theory believes in operant (instrumental) conditioning?

A

Behaviourism

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2
Q

what is operant (instrumental) conditioning?

A

behaviour is shaped and maintained by consequences. (Remember big band theory penny with the chocolate)

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3
Q

what theory believes in classical conditioning?

A

behaviorism

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4
Q

what is an example of classical conditioning?

A

Pavlovs dog.

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5
Q

what is an example of stimulus generalisation?

A

bitten by a black dog - so all black dogs are scary

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6
Q

what is an example of stimulus discrimination?

A

no longer scared of one dog as you are used to it but still scared of other dogs.

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7
Q

what is meant by spontaneous recovery?

A

spontaneous return of the fear some time after the fear had been extinct.

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8
Q

what is meant by high order conditioning in relation to fear?

A
  • so not only is the patient scared to go to the dentist but just talking about will cause pt to experience fear.
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9
Q

what are some critiques of the behaviorist theory?

A
  • advocates passive pt learning in a GDP
  • knowledge is given and is absolute
  • doesn’t account for processing that cannot be observed
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10
Q

what are the key concepts of the cognitivist theory?

A
  • change in mental representation and associations brought about by experiences.
  • info comes in, is processed and then leads to a certain outcome.
  • people arnt programmed animals that just respond to environmental stimuli. WE are rational and require active participation in order to learn.
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11
Q

how does the cognitivist theory believe our memory works?

A
  • Encoding (acoustic, visual, semantic)
  • storage
    -retrieval (conscious accessing of stored info)
    all in a circle.
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12
Q

what is context- dependent memory retrieval?

A

returning to the scene causing memory flashbacks.

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13
Q

what is state-dependent memory retrieval?

A

remembering something that gave you a feeling and having that same feeling again.

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14
Q

what are some critiques of the cognitivist theory?

A
  • knowledge itself is give and absolute
  • input-process-output model is mechanistic and deterministic
  • doesnt account enough for individiality
  • little emphasis on affective characteristics
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15
Q

what is the main idea of the social learning theory?

A

observation of behaviour and sensorial experiences. and that fear is a consequence of that behaviour.

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16
Q

what are some critiques of the social learning theory?

A
  • doesn’t take into account individuality, context, or experience as mediating factors
  • suggests patients learn best as passive receivers of sensory stimuli
  • emotions and motivations are not considered important or connected to learning.
17
Q

what are some physical reactions to anxiety?

A
  • dry mouth
  • muscle tension
  • pounding heart
18
Q

what can be effects of dental anxiety?

A
  • emotional reaction
  • physical reaction
  • selective alteration
  • memory alteration
  • pain and anxiety cycle.
19
Q

what can cause dental anxiety?

A
  • personality variables
  • psychological co-morbidity
  • familiar dental attitudes
  • attachment style
  • evolutionary factors
  • fear of the unknown
20
Q

what are some ways in which dental anxiety can be measured?

A
  • The Modified Dental anxiety Scale
  • Dental Anxiety Inventory
  • Dental Beliefs Survey
  • Dental Locus of Control
  • Dental Self-Efficacy scale
21
Q

what is different about the Dental beliefs survey?

A

it looks ito what the worry is - if its professionalism, communication, or the lack of control that is the main problem.

22
Q

what is meant by Locus of Control?

A

the extent to which individuals fell in control of the events which influence their lives ( Internal = Self control) ( External = others have control)

23
Q

What are the methods of relaxation that can be used to aid in the management of dental anxiety?

A
  • progressive (tense a group of muscles then relax)
  • release only (release a group of muscles)
  • Cue controlled (focus on eg inhale, exhale, relax)
  • Differential (practice relaxing in different environments),
24
Q

what should you think about when managing dental anxiety?

A
  • modelling
  • voice control
  • Hypnosis
  • pharmaceutical intervention

AMP (7 decks)

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