Anatomy Flashcards
what are the 5 basic subdivisions of the secondary brain vesicles?
- telecephalon
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- metencephalon
- myelencephalon.
what structures of the brain make up the brainstem?
pons
midbrain
medulla.
what is the main grooves separating the 2 brain lobes called?
sagittal fissure.
whats the difference between sulcus and gyrus?
Sulcus = grooves over the brain. Gyrus = folds
what is the corpus callosum and what is its purpose?
it connects each side of the brain allowing it to communicate.
It is made from white mater.
what type of neurons does the pre-central gyrus give rise to?
motor neurons - allowing muscles in the body to move.
what type of neurons does the post-central gyrus give rise to?
sensory fibres - bringi g up sensory info to partietal lobe.
what are the factory tracts?
part of the 1st cranial nerve. they are extensions of the central nervous system.
what is the purpose of the cerebra peduncles?
info highways taking asending and desending info to and from the pons and medulla to the thalamus.
what cranial nerve runs through the interpeduncular fossa?
3rd cranial nerve runs through it (the oculomotor nerve)
where would the middle cerebella pedunces be found?
each side of the pons.
what structures protect the brain?
- hair.
- scalp
- skull
- meninges
- CFS
what is the toughest cranial meninge?
Dura mater.
what are the laying in which the dura mater can be split into?
outer periosteal and inner membanous layer.
what cranial meninge if found under the dura mater?
arachnoid membrane.
how is the arachnoid layer help against the inner layer of the dura mater?
by pressure of cerebrospinal fluid.
what is the most delicate cranial meninge?
Pia mater.
where does the pia mater adherent to?
the surface of the CNS
what is the purpose of the cerebral spinal fluid? and where is it found?
its for protection and if found through the subarachnoid space.
what can be fund between the dura mater layers?
dura sinus.
what is the purpose of the dura sinus?
enables venous blood to return from the CNS to the internal jugular vein.
where does the superior sagittal sinus receive blood from?
superficial veins of the brain.
where does the great cerebral vein receive blood from?
deep veins of the brain.
what is the purpose of the confluence of sinuses?
where the straight sinus and superior sagital sinus converge.
where is the straight sinus located?
runs at the edge of the tentoruin cerebelli
what is the only nerve to leave the brain from the dorsal surface?
4th cranial nerve - Trochlear.
where does the superior cerebella peduncles travel from and then too?
from midbrain to cerebellum.
where does the middle cerebella peduncles travel from and then too?
from pons to cerebellum
where does the inferior cerebella peduncles travel from and then too?
from medulla to cerebellum
where is the medulla oblongata located?
below the pons.
where does the cerebral aqueduct run through?
the mid brain.
what would damage to the substantia nigra result in?
parkinsons disease.
This is due to dark areas that contain fibres (thats control movement) are damaged
where does the optic never receive info from?
the eyes.
is the Olfactory cranial nerve motor or sensory or both? and where does it supply info?
sensory - nose/smell.
is the optic cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
sensory - eyes/sight
is the oculomator cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
motor - eye muscles.
is the trochlear cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
motor - eye movement.
is the trigeminal cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
both
sensory - face sinuses and teeth.
motor - jaw muscles.
is the abducent cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
motor - eye movement.
is the intermediate and facial cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
Intermediate:both
motor - submaxillary and sublingual glands.
sensory - front of tongue and soft palate.
Facial = motor - muscles of the face
is the vestibulocochlear cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
sensory - hearing and balance.
is the glossopharyngeal cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
motor - swallowing with pharyngeal musclulature.
sensory - taste + sensation on the back of the tongue, tonsils and pharynx.
is the vagus cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
motor - heart, lungs, bronchi and gastrolntestinal tract.
Sensory - heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, GI tract and external ear.
is the accessory cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
motor - shoulder muscles.
is the hypoglossal cranial nerve motor or sensory or both?and where does it supply info?
motor - muscles of the tongue.
what group of arteries are the main blood supple to the head and neck?
carotid arteries.
where does the common carotid come off the left side of the heart?
aorta
where does the common carotid come off the right side of the heart?
brachiocephalic trunk
Does the internal or external caroitd artery supple the brain?
internal