Antivirals: MOAs Flashcards
Chloroquine
Anti-malarial that blocks detox of heme into hemozoin; accumulation of heme in toxic to plasmodia
Neuraminidase inhibitors (class)
Anti-flu: Inhibit NA–> decreased release of progeny virus
Zanamivir
NA inhibitor
Anti-flu: Inhibit NA–> decreased release of progeny virus
Omseltamivir
NA inhibitor
Anti-flu: Inhibit NA–> decreased release of progeny virus
Ribavirin
Competitive inhibitor of IMP DH–> inhibits synth of guanine ntides
Acyclovir
Guanosine analog that’s monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase–> triphosphorylated by cellular enz–> inhibits DNA polymerase via chain termination
Famciclovir
Guanosine analog that’s monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase–> triphosphorylated by cellular enz–> inhibits DNA polymerase via chain termination
Valacyclovir
Prodrug of acyclovir
(Guanosine analog that’s monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase–> triphosphorylated by cellular enz–> inhibits DNA polymerase via chain termination)
Ganciclovir
Guanosine analog. Monophosphorylated by CMV viral kinase–> triphosphorylated by cell enz–> inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Valganciclovir
Ganciclovir prodrug
(Guanosine analog. Monophosphorylated by CMV viral kinase–> triphosphorylated by cell enz–> inhibits viral DNA polymerase)
Foscarnet
Pyrophosphate analog. Viral polymerase inhibitor that directly binds the pyrophosphate binding site of the enz (no activation by viral kinase required)
Cidofovir
Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase; doesn’t require phosphorylation by viral kinase
Protease inhibitors (class)
Inhibit HIV protease–> can’t cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts–> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.
Atazanavir
Protease inhibitor (Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)
Darunavir
Protease inhibitor (Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)
Fosamprenavir
Protease inhibitor (Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)
Indinavir
Protease inhibitor (Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)
Lopinavir
Protease inhibitor (Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)
Ritonavir
Protease inhibitor: main fxn is to “boost” other drug concentrations by inhibiting p450
(Inhibit HIV protease–> can’t cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts–> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)
Saquinavir
Protease inhibitor (Inhibit HIV protease--> can't cleave polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into functional parts--> inhibits assembly of virons and thus maturation of new viruses.)
Nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) (class)
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group). Require phosphorylation to be active.
Abacavir
NRTI
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group
Didanosine
NRTI
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group
Emtricitabine
NRTI
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group
Lamivudine
NRTI
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group
Stavudine
NRTI
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group
Tenofovir
Only nucleoTide NRTI; thus doesn’t require phosphorylation to be active (unlike nucleoside NRTIs)
(Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group))
Zidovudine
NRTI
Competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to RTase–> terminate DNA chain (due to lack of 3’OH group
NNRTIs (class)
Bind RTase at different site than NRTIs–> terminate DNA chain.
Efavirenz
NNRTI
Bind RTase at different site than NRTIs–> terminate DNA chain.
Nevirapine
NNRTI
Bind RTase at different site than NRTIs–> terminate DNA chain.
Delavirdine
NNRTI
Bind RTase at different site than NRTIs–> terminate DNA chain.
Raltegravir
Reversibly inhibits HIV ubtegrase–> inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chromosome
Enfuvirtide
Fusion inhibitor; binds gp41–> inhibiting viral entry
Maraviroc
Fusion inhibitor: binds CCR5 on surface of T-cells and monocytes–> inhibits interaction w/ gp120
