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Micro R&M > Antibacterials: MOAs > Flashcards

Antibacterials: MOAs Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins (class)

A

Structural analogs of D-Ala D-Ala that bind penicillin binding proteins–> blocking transpeptidase linking of peptidoglycans.
Also activate autolytic enzymes

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2
Q

Penicillin G

A

Regular ole penicillin

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3
Q

Penicillin V

A

Regular ole penicillin

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4
Q

Ampicillin

A

Aminopenicillin/penicillinase-sensitive penicillin

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5
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Aminopenicillin/penicillinase-sensitive penicillin

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6
Q

Oxacillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

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7
Q

Nafcillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

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8
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

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9
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Anti-pseudomonal penicllin

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10
Q

Piperacillin

A

Anti-pseudomonal penicllin

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11
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

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12
Q

Sulbactam

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

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13
Q

Tazobactam

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

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14
Q

Cephalosporins (class)

A

Beta-lactams that inhibit cell wall synth but are les susceptible to penicillinases

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15
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st gen cephalosporin

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16
Q

Cephalexin

A

1st gen cephalosporin

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17
Q

Cefoxitin

A

2nd gen cephalosporin

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18
Q

Cefaclor

A

2nd gen cephalosporin

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19
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd gen cephalosporin

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20
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

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21
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

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22
Q

Ceftazidime

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

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23
Q

Cefepime

A

4th gen cephalosporin

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24
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5th gen cephalosporin

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25
Q

Monobactams (class)

A

Bind penicillin-binding protein 3–> prevents peptidoglycan X-linking.

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26
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam

Binds penicillin-binding protein 3–> prevents peptidoglycan X-linking

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27
Q

Carbapenem (class)

A

Beta-lactamase

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28
Q

Imipenem

A

Carbapenem

beta-lactamase

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29
Q

Meropenem

A

Carbapenem

beta-lactamase

30
Q

Ertapenem

A

Carbapenem

beta-lactamase

31
Q

Doripenem

A

Carbapenem

beta-lactamase

32
Q

Cilastatin

A

Inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I, leading to decreased inactivation of imipenem

33
Q

Vancomycin

A

Binds D-ala D-ala portion of cell wall precursors–> inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan formation

34
Q

Aminoglycosides (class)

A

30S inhibitors: Inhibit formation of the initiation complex–> mRNA misreading; also block translocation.

35
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside

30S inhibitors: Inhibit formation of the initiation complex–> mRNA misreading; also block translocation.

36
Q

Neomycin

A

Aminoglycoside

30S inhibitors: Inhibit formation of the initiation complex–> mRNA misreading; also block translocation.

37
Q

Amikacin

A

Aminoglycoside

30S inhibitors: Inhibit formation of the initiation complex–> mRNA misreading; also block translocation.

38
Q

Tobramycin

A

Aminoglycoside

30S inhibitors: Inhibit formation of the initiation complex–> mRNA misreading; also block translocation.

39
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycoside

30S inhibitors: Inhibit formation of the initiation complex–> mRNA misreading; also block translocation.

40
Q

Tetracyclines (class)

A

30S inhibitors: bind 30S–> prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

41
Q

Tetracycline

A

Tetracycline

30S inhibitors: bind 30S–> prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

42
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline

30S inhibitors: bind 30S–> prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

43
Q

Minocycline

A

Tetracycline

30S inhibitors: bind 30S–> prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

44
Q

Macrolides (class)

A

50S inhibitors: Bind 23S rRNA of 50S and block translocation.

45
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide

50S inhibitors: Bind 23S rRNA of 50S and block translocation.

46
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolide

50S inhibitors: Bind 23S rRNA of 50S and block translocation.

47
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide

50S inhibitors: Bind 23S rRNA of 50S and block translocation.

48
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

50S inhibitor: Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S

49
Q

Clindamycin

A

50S inhibitor: Blocks translocation (peptide transfer) at 50S

50
Q

Sulfonamides (class)

A

PABA antimetabolites that inhibit dihydropteroate synthase–> inhibit folate synth

51
Q

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)

A

Sulfonamide

PABA antimetabolite that inhibit dihydropteroate synthase–> inhibit folate synth

52
Q

Sulfisoxazole

A

Sulfonamide

PABA antimetabolite that inhibit dihydropteroate synthase–> inhibit folate synth

53
Q

Sulfadiazine

A

Sulfonamide

PABA antimetabolite that inhibit dihydropteroate synthase–> inhibit folate synth

54
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Inhibits bacterial DHFR

55
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV

56
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV

57
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV

58
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV

59
Q

Ofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV

60
Q

Sparfloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV

61
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV

62
Q

Gemifloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV

63
Q

Enoxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II) and topo IV

64
Q

Nalidixic acid

65
Q

Metronidazole

A

Forms FR toxic metabolites–> damage DNA

66
Q

INH

A

Decreases synth of mycolic acid

67
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

68
Q

Rifabutin

A

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

69
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Unknown MOA; acidified intracellular environment when it’s converted to pyrazinoic acid

70
Q

Ethambutol

A

Inhibits arabinosyltransferase–> decreases carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterial cell wall

71
Q

Daptomycin

A

Depolymerizes bacterial cell membrane

Micro R&M (5 decks)

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