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Pharms > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-herpes virus agents

A

Action against HSV, VZV, CMV

Aciclovir
Valaciclovir
Penciclovir
Famciclovir
Trifluridine
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2
Q

Aciclovir

A

Anti-herpesvirus agent
-HSV and VZV

IV route SE: phlebitis, nephrotoxic if given too fast

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3
Q

Valaciclovir

A

Anti-herpes virus agent

- HSV and VZV

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4
Q

Penciclovir

A

Anti-herpes virus agent
-Herpes labialis

(Poor bioavailibility, topical use only)

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5
Q

Famciclovir

A

Anti-herpes virus agent

-HSV and VZV

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6
Q

Trifluridine

A

Anti-herpes virus agent
-HSV keratitis

Topical use (eye drops / cream)

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7
Q

Aciclovir mechanism of action

A
  • synthetic nucleoside analogue

- leads to irreversible inactivation of viral DNA polymerase

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8
Q

Ganciclovir

A

100x stronger than acyclovir
-active against CMV

SE: myelosuppression (neutropenia)

Indicated: prevent CMV in transplant recipients, Rx of sight or life threatening CMV infxn in immunocompromized (CMV retinitis / CMV pneumonitis)

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9
Q

Valganciclovir

A

Against CMV

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10
Q

Cidofovir

A

Use in CMV, HSV, VZV
-for acyclovir resistant infections

SE: nephrotoxic

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11
Q

Foscarnet

A
  • used for CMV, HSV, VZV
  • for acyclovir resistant infections

SE: nephrotoxic

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12
Q

Ganciclovir mechanism of action

A
  • nucleoside analogue

- leads to irreversible inactivation of viral DNA polymerase

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13
Q

Amantadine

A

M2-ion channel inhibitor
-prevents viral uncoating

Against influenza A only
(Not recommended - increasing resistance)

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14
Q

Rimantadine

A

M2-ion channel inhibitor
-prevents viral uncoating

Against influenza A only
(Not recommended - increasing resistance)

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15
Q

Zanamivir

A 
Neuraminidase inhibitor (enzyme responsible for virion release)
-prevents release of newly formed viruses from cell surface
  • against influenza A and B
  • give within first 48h of Sx
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16
Q

Oseltamivir

A 
Neuraminidase inhibitor (enzyme responsible for virion release)
-prevents release of newly formed viruses from cell surface
  • against influenza A and B
  • give within first 48h of Sx
17
Q

Peramivir

A 
Neuraminidase inhibitor (enzyme responsible for virion release)
-prevents release of newly formed viruses from cell surface
  • against influenza A and B
  • give within first 48h of Sx
18
Q

Indications for influenza antiviral therapy

A

-at higher risk of complications (<2y, >65y)

  • complicated or severe illness
    1. Requiring hospital admission
    2. LRTI
    3. CNS involvement
    4. Significant exacerbation of underlying medical condition
    5. Other cond. requiring admission eg bacterial pneumonia
19
Q

Ribavirin

A

Hep C virus (combine with pegylated interferon)

Respiratory syncytial virus (only immunosuppressed with severe infection)

Certain viral hemorrhagic fevers
-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

20
Q

Hep C Rx

A

-achieve sustained virological response (regarded as ‘cure’)

Peginterferon + ribavirin for 24-48w

21
Q

Pegylated interferon SE

A

Influenza-like Sx

Neuropsychiatric effects

Hematologic abnormalities

Induction of autoimmune disorder

22
Q

Ribavirin SE

A

Hemolytic anemia

Teratogen

23
Q

Interferon alpha

A

In Hep B - in high viral load

-not in decompensated state

24
Q

Entecavir

A
  • in resistant HBV
  • patients with HBV and kidney problems

-possible anti-HIV activity

25
Q

Tenofovir

A

HIV HBV coinfetion

26
Q

Lamivudine

A

HIV / HBV co-infected patients

27
Q

Emtricitabine

A

HIV / HBV co-infected patients

28
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

ARV

  • entry inhibitor
  • prevents fusion - interferes with gp41
29
Q

Maraviroc

A

ARV

  • entry inhibitor
  • CCR% antagonist: blocks entry of R5 virus
30
Q

Stavudine (d4T)

A

ARV: NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) - prevents completion of synthesis of viral dsDNA (analogue lacks 3’ OH group)
-thymidine analogue

31
Q

Zidovudine (AZT)

A

ARV: NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) - prevents completion of synthesis of viral dsDNA (analogue lacks 3’ OH group)

-thymidine analogue

32
Q

Lamivudine (3TC)

A

ARV: NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) - prevents completion of synthesis of viral dsDNA (analogue lacks 3’ OH group)

-cytosine analogue

33
Q

Emtricitibine (FTC)

A

ARV: NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) - prevents completion of synthesis of viral dsDNA (analogue lacks 3’ OH group)

-cytosine analogue

34
Q

Didanosine (DDI)

A

ARV: NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) - prevents completion of synthesis of viral dsDNA (analogue lacks 3’ OH group)

-adenosine analogue

35
Q

Abacavir (ABC)

A

ARV: NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) - prevents completion of synthesis of viral dsDNA (analogue lacks 3’ OH group)

-guanosine analogue

36
Q

AZT adverse effects

A
  • zidovudine

- neutropenia / anemia

37
Q

ABC adverse effects

A
  • abacavir

- hypersensitivity reaction (never rechallenge)

38
Q

DDI adverse effects (didanosine)

A

Lactic acidosis

Peripheral neuropathy

39
Q

d4T (stavudine) adverse events

A

Lactic acidosis

Peripheral neuropathy

Pharms (5 decks)

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