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Antimicrobial names - Block 18a Flashcards

1
Q

Benzylpenicillin

A

a. k.a pen G
- natural penicillin
- G+ cocci, G- cocci, G- bacilli, anaerobes, spirochetes

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2
Q

Amoxicillin

A
  • broad spectrum penicillin

- spectrum same as natural penicillins, but more G+ and G- bacilli

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3
Q

Ticarcillin

A

Extended (anti-pseudomonal) penicillin

-same spectrum as natural, but more G- bacilli and pseudomonas

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4
Q

Cefadroxil

A

1st Gen cephalosporin

-spectrum: G+ cocci, G- bacilli

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5
Q

Sparfloxacin

A

3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone

  • systemic aerobic G-‘s causing UTI’s
  • G+ resp infections
  • atypical MO
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6
Q

Oxacillin

A
  • B-lactamase resistant penicillin

- strep and staph

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7
Q

Cefamandole

A

2nd Gen cephalosporin

-G+ cocci, G- cocci, G- bacilli

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8
Q

Dicloxacillin

A
  • B-lactamase resistant penicillin

- strep and staph spectrum

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9
Q

Cephalothin

A

1st Gen cephalosporin

-spectrum: G+ cocci, G- bacilli

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10
Q

Cefoxitin

A

2nd Gen cephalosporin

  • G+ cocci, G- cocci, G- bacilli
  • B-lactamase resistant
  • active against anaerobes
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11
Q

Cefepime

A

4th Gen cephalosporin

-wide spectrum G+ and G-

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12
Q

Ampicillin

A
  • broad spectrum penicillin

- spectrum same as natural penicillins, but more G+ and G- bacilli

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13
Q

Cefdinir

A

3rd Gen cephalosporin

-Spectrum: G- cocci, G- bacilli (including pseudomonas)

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14
Q

Flucloxacillin

A
  • B-lactamase resistant penicillin

- strep and staph spectrum

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15
Q

Imipenem

A

Carbapenem

  • used with Cilastatin
  • G+ cocci, G- cocci, G- bacilli, Anaerobes, Actinomyces and Nocardia
  • broadest B-lactam coverage
  • concentration dependent with PAE
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16
Q

Cefoperazone

A

3rd Gen cephalosporin

-Spectrum: G- cocci, G- bacilli (including pseudomonas)

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17
Q

Meropenem

A

Carbapenem

  • broadest B-lactam coverage - G+, G-, anaerobes
  • concentration-dependent with PAE
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18
Q

Ertapenem

A

Carbapenem

  • broadest B-lactam coverage - G+, G-, anaerobes
  • concentration-dependent with PAE
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19
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide

  • 2h half life
  • same spectrum as Pen G
  • inhibits CYP450
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20
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone

-Systemic aerobic G-‘s causing UTI’s

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21
Q

Piperacillin

A

Extended (anti-pseudomonal) penicillin

-same spectrum as natural, but more G- bacilli and pseudomonas

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22
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macrolide

  • 3.5h half life
  • same spectrum as erythromycin (or Pen G), + more intracellular activity as well as against H. influenzae
  • inhibits CYP450
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23
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide

  • half life >40h
  • less active against staph and strep, more against resp. infections
  • agent of choice for Chlamidia trachomatis
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24
Q

Telithromycin

A

Macrolide

  • 10h half life
  • inhibits CYP450
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25
Q

Gatifloxacin

A

3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone

  • systemic aerobic G-‘s causing UTI’s
  • G+ resp infections
  • atypical MO
26
Q

Tetracycline

A

broad spectrum G+, G-, and non-bacterial MO

27
Q

Cefaclor

A

2nd Gen cephalosporin

-G+ cocci, G- cocci, G- bacilli

28
Q

Norfloxacin

A

2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone

-Systemic aerobic G-‘s causing UTI’s

29
Q

Doxycycline

A

broad spectrum G+, G-, and non-bacterial MO

30
Q

Methicillin

A
  • B-lactamase resistant penicillin

- strep and staph spectrum

31
Q

Minocycline

A
  • a tetracycline

- broad spectrum G+, G-, and non-bacterial MO

32
Q

Cefprozil

A

2nd Gen cephalosporin

-G+ cocci, G- cocci, G- bacilli

33
Q

Co-trimoxazole

A

Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim

  • sequential blockade - folate synthesis
  • UTI, resp. infections and PCP
34
Q

Cefixime

A

3rd Gen cephalosporin

-Spectrum: G- cocci, G- bacilli (including pseudomonas)

35
Q

Demeclocycline

A
  • a tetracycline

- broad spectrum G+, G-, and non-bacterial MO

36
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

-broad spectrum - G+, G- and anaerobes

37
Q

Clindamycin

A

Primarily anaerobes, also non-enterococcal G+ cocci

38
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone

  • systemic aerobic G-‘s causing UTI’s
  • G+ resp infections
  • atypical MO
39
Q

Amikacin

A

Aminoglycoside

-only Anaerobes!! - G- bacilli (including pseudomonas) and G+ cocci

40
Q

Trovafloxacin

A

4th Gen Fluoroquinolone

  • Improved G+ coverage, maintained G- activity
  • Anaerobic cover
41
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside

-only Anaerobes!! - G- bacilli (including pseudomonas) and G+ cocci

42
Q

Vancomycin

A
  • tricyclic glycoprotein - for multi-resistant organisms

- ONLY G+’s - cocci, bacilli, anaerobes, actinomyces

43
Q

Tobramicin

A

Aminoglycoside

-only Anaerobes!! - G- bacilli (including pseudomonas) and G+ cocci

44
Q

Cefotetan

A

2nd Gen cephalosporin

  • G+ cocci, G- cocci, G- bacilli
  • active against anaerobes
45
Q

Rifampicin

A

Many G+ and G-

  • bactericidal for mycobacteria
  • meningococcal and H. influenza prophylaxis
  • anti-leprosy
46
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycoside

-only Anaerobes!! - G- bacilli (including pseudomonas) and G+ cocci

47
Q

Ofloxacin

A

2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone

-Systemic aerobic G-‘s causing UTI’s

48
Q

Cloxacillin

A
  • B-lactamase resistant penicillin

- strep and staph spectrum

49
Q

Levofloxacin

A

3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone

  • systemic aerobic G-‘s causing UTI’s
  • G+ resp infections
  • atypical MO
50
Q

Cefuroxime

A

2nd Gen cephalosporin

  • G+ cocci, G- cocci, G- bacilli
  • B-lactamase resistant
51
Q

Cefotaxime

A

3rd Gen cephalosporin

-Spectrum: G- cocci, G- bacilli (including pseudomonas)

52
Q

Cephalexin

A

1st Gen cephalosporin

-spectrum: G+ cocci, G- bacilli

53
Q

Ceftazidime

A

3rd Gen cephalosporin

-Spectrum: G- cocci, G- bacilli (including pseudomonas)

54
Q

Indanyl carbenicillin

A

Extended (anti-pseudomonal) penicillin

-same spectrum as natural, but more G- bacilli and pseudomonas

55
Q

Nalidixic acid

A

1st Gen Fluoroquinolone

  • gives rise to all fluoroquinolones
  • narrow spectrum - confined to UTI’s
56
Q

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

A

a. k.a. pen V
- natural penicillin
- G+ cocci, G- cocci, G- bacilli, anaerobes, spirochetes

57
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd Gen cephalosporin

-Spectrum: G- cocci, G- bacilli (including pseudomonas)

59
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st Gen cephalosporin

-spectrum: G+ cocci, G- bacilli

60
Q

Ceftibuten

A

3rd Gen cephalosporin

-Spectrum: G- cocci, G- bacilli (including pseudomonas)

61
Q

Ceftizoxime

A

3rd Gen cephalosporin

-Spectrum: G- cocci, G- bacilli (including pseudomonas)

62
Q

Nafcillin

A
  • B-lactamase resistant penicillin

- strep and staph spectrum

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