Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Antiretroviral drug.
Blocks activity of the enzyme “reverse transcriptase.” (prevents elongation of chain, blocks viral DNA)
Subclasses: Nucleoside RTI, non-nucleoside RTI
Nucleoside RTI
Subclass of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.
Competes with cell nucleosides for DNA synthesis.
DRUG: Zidovudine
Adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression: anemia and neutropenia
What class of drug is Zidovudine?
Nucleoside RTI
Protease Inhibitors
Antiretroviral drug (HIV).
Inhibits retroviral protease enzyme, preventing viral protein preparation.
Protease breaks amino acid chain to create functional proteins. Protease inhibitors leave amino chain in tact, unable to make proteins.
DRUG: Ritonavir (many drug interactions, CYP450 inhibitor)
What drug class is Ritonavir?
Protease Inhibitor
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
Prevents acquisition of HIV infection by uninfected persons.
DRUGS: Tenofovir and Emtrucitabine
What drug class is tenofovir?
NRTI -
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
What drug class is emtricitabine?
NRTI- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
What influenza types is tamiflu effective against?
Influenza A and B virus
Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Releases viral particle from cell. Compared to antivirals which top the release.
Can be used prophylactically.
Used for H1N1
Reduces recovery time
DRUG: Oseltamivir (tamiflu) - Effective against influenza A and B
Amantadine drug class and use?
Antiviral.
Moderate activity against influenza A. None against B.
DNA Polymerase Inhibitors
Synthetic nucleoside analogues. Stops viral DNA synthesis.
DRUGS: Ganciclovir and Acyclovir
Prevents elongation of enzyme chain.
For initial and recurrent episodes of infections.
How do most antiviral drugs work?
By inhibiting the replication of the virus inside the host cell
How soon should antiviral treatment for influenza begin?
Within 2 days of symptom onset
What drug class is oseltamivir (tamiflu)
Neuraminidase Inhibitor
