***ANTISUBMARINE WARFARE (ASW) & SURFACE WARFARE (ASUW)*** Flashcards
Who serves as the safety observer during an ASW operation?
CO, conning officer or OOD/JOOD
Who coordinates CIC/CDC functions, assists the TAO/Evaluator, and monitors CIC communications?
CIC watch officer
Who assists the TAO and monitors communications during IAS?
CICWO
Who issues torpedo countermeasures, weapons policy, and ETA to TDA to units separarely detached from a formation in order to search for and attach submarines?
The Search attack unit (SAU) Commander
Who executes Red and Black plans?
Scene of Action Commander (SAC)
Who coordinates supporting TACAIR and long-range patrol aircraft ASUW actions with surface cruise missile ships?
Surface action group commander (SAGC)
What is the role of the SWG-1A engagement planner?
Enter the target and background ship contact data received from various plots and TDPs into HSCLCS to support Harpoon engagement planning
Who is responsible for accomplishing the mission in the tactical direction method of air control?
The aircraft commander
Who is responsible for coordinating targeting efforts and refining target data, supervising plotting procedures, and monitoring safe employment criteria?
The ASUW Evaluator
What activity manages the Blue Force contact database beyond any particular battle group area of interest?
The Fleet command center (FCC)
What ASW evasive measures should a screen unit use in a submarine threat area?
Should employ towed decoys; patrol sector at a 3-6 knot advantage to ensure a complete patrol; and remain on a steady course no longer than three minutes
What responsibilities may the OTC delegate to the Screen commander (SC)?
Ordering actions to be taken by screen units if a ship is torpedoed and designating air control units for screening helicopters
What directives contain antisubmarine warfare (ASW) airplans and air attack methods?
ATP-1(C) Vol 1; NWP 3-22 (series); and ASW TACAID
Airborne radar is primarily limited by what factor during an ASW search?
The sea state in that in sea state 4 and above, the probability of periscope detection is significantly decreased
What P-3C system possesses active or passive sonobuoy signals to detect, analyze and classify submarines?
DIFAR (Directional Frequency Analysis and Recording)
What is the primary aircraft ASW weapons?
Torpedoes, rockets, depth charges, Harpoons, mines, and bombs
What area must a submarine enter to be within maxium striking distance of a mission essential unit?
Torpedo danger zone (TDZ)
What is a limiting line of approach (LLA)?
A change of station from datum to optimum firing position (TDZ)
What must be known or assumed to construct a limiting line of approach (LLA)?
The Formation’s Base course and speed and the submarine’s approach speeds (max sonor speed, quiet speed, etc)
What sound-powered phone circuit is used for one-way communication from sonar to CIC/CDC?
61JS
What is the best capable mine laying aircraft in the U.S inventory?
B-52D Stratofortress
What is CAPTOR?
Encapsulated torpedo ASW (Mine) with a MK 46 torpedo
What is the SSQ-77B
Passive vertical line array (DIFAR{VLAD})
What is the SSQ-62B
Directional command activated sonobuoy system (DICASS)
What type of special purpose buoy is used for air- subsurface communication?
ATAC (air-dropped two-way communications)
What is indicated by the CERTSUB (certain submarine) classification?
A contact that has been sighted and positively identified by competent personnel as submarine
What is indicated by the PROSUB (probable submarine) classification?
a contact displaying strong cumulative evidence of being a submarine
What assessment must always accompany a POSSUB classification?
Low or High confidence contact
What is indicated by the NONSUB (non submarine) classification
a contact has characteristics that exclude the possibility that it is a submarine
What type of search is used when a torpedo-firing submarine is in position to menace a mission-essential unit (MEU)?
an intercept search (application of a close search)
Search plan IS ‘OAKTREE’ has what applications?
area; intercept; lost-contact; or bottom search conducted by two or more ships and may also use helicopters
What is involved in the ASW search plan 3S ‘PINEAPPLE’?
Ships and aircrafts are placed in search sectors around datum
When will the final approach to datum start?
At ETA to TDA, or 1 tactical sonar range (TSR) from the FOC
What is DELIBERATE ATTACK?
An attack that is delivered with maximum accuracy with the objective of destroying the submarine
What is an URGENT ATTACK
An attack that disrupts the submarine’s firing plan and is conducted when danger from submarine attack is imminent
what is allowed by PLAN RED 3A GEOGRAPHIC SECTOR?
Coordinated, two-ship ASW containment and attack
What equipment supports the SQS-53 sonar by predicting tactical sonar ranges automatically
Sonar in-situation mode assessment (AN/UYQ-25 SIMAS)
What zigzag plans were developed for use within the TDA?
Ray and Yankee (ATP-3)
What AEGIS display system component can be tailored to show all ASW information normally displayed on an NTDS console or NC-2 plot
Larger-screen displays (DSDs)
Which net is used for information exchanges between ships and fixed wing ASW aircraft engaged in coordinated ASW?
ASW air coordination net
Aboard ASW ships, which sound-powered phone circuit is used solely as a command circuit ?
JS
Which net may be used by the first SAU in place of ASCONNET ALPHA?
screen tactical alpha (remaining screen units shift to screen tactical bravo as directed by the OTC)
What are the classes of surface unit ASW capability
Long-range weapons and sensors; long-medium range sensors with weapons systems that require them to close within the TDA to engage the submarine; and short range weapons/ sensors
What are the graphic representations of the command’s estimate of the maximum submarine displacement from datum at a given time?
Furthest- on- circles (FOC0s
Why are limiting lines of approach applicable to nuclear submarine threats?
Because increased threat speed degrades threat sonar performance and increase likelihood of passive broadband detection
What type of formation is used primarily by a search attack unit (SAU) when engaged in ASW search where a set pattern isnt desired
loose line abreast
What data link is used by LAMPS 1 helicopters for transmitting sonobuoy data to ASW air control ships
AKT-22
What proword is used by ASW aircraft to indicated magnetic anomaly detection?
MADMAN
What number of buoy channels can be transmitted by the AKT22 data link?
8 LOFAR OR 2 DIFAR OR 2 DICASS
What is FLIR’s primary function
Night recognition and identification of surface objects detected by other sensors, based on thermal imagery
TDZ is constructed from what point
the advanced position of the formation along base course, based on maximum effective torpedo firing range multiplied by formation speed divided by torpedo speed
what is the purpose of a screen
to protect mission essential units in a multi -threat environment
who orders torpedo countermeasures where units come in contact with submarine
SAC
what governs the selection of ASW aircraft weapons
a tactical decision made by the aircraft commander based on the policy of the controlling authority, as determined by weapons available, elapsed time between last fix and attack, submarine evasive capability, and interference with friendly forces
what device is used by an ASW aircraft to locate sonobuoys for navigational purposes
on top position indicator (OTPI)
When may a SAC designate a datum
when that duty is specially delegated by the ASWC to the SAC
How can a ship with a short or medium range ASW weapons system prosecuting a submarine with longer-range weapons compensate for its disadvantage
by employing standoff vectored attacks with aircraft
what is the use of the SLQ-25 NIXIE
Acoustic torpedo countermeasures
what is the formula that is used to determine the furthes-on circle (FOC)
datum error plus assumed submarine speed multiplied by elapsed time
What ASW aircraft sensor gets operational intelligence by analyzing intercepted electronic emissions from submissions from submarines
ESM
What type of ASW helicopter may be found in a HSL squadron
SH-60B SEARAWK
what is the SH-60B sonobuoy dispenser’s capacity
25 sonobuoys or chaff rounds
who determines the method of air control to be used and orders the tactical employment of aircraft as required by the ASWC
ASW air control unit (ASWACU)
what is the UYS-1(v)2 PROTEUS
the acoustic processor for the LAMPS III
what is the primary limitation of a diesel-electric submarine while making a submerged run on the main body
endurance imposed by total battery capacity
what type of acoustic sensors are primary carried by the SH-60F
AQS-13 dipping sonar and UYS-1(v)2 acoustic processor
what readiness condition indicates the highest degress of ASW readiness
condition 1A
What SAU unit automatically assumes Scene-of action commander (SAC) when and SAU unit gains contact
SAU commander
what are the three general classes of sonobuoy
passive, active, and special purpose
which ASW weapons are common for both ships and aircraft
torpedoes, mines, and missiles
what determines a submarine’s ability to intercept the torpedo danger zone (TDZ)
limiting lines of approach
what determines the classifications of surface ship’s sonars
their maximum range capability
what is the ‘ look zone’
the area outside the screen in which a submarine may go shallow to employ visual or electronic sensors
what are the two primary carrier-based SUW air surveillance assests in terms of sensors, endurance, and communications capability
the E-2C Hawkeye and the S-3 viking
What is the mission of a deliberate attack
destruction of the submarine
what is the mission of an urgent attack
as a diversionary measure to disrupt the submarine plan to attack; an attack on the moral, judgement, and reactions of the submarine crew
what close ASW search application is used when a torpedo-firing submarine is a threat to the mission essential unit
intercept search
what type of ASW search is involved in OAKTREE- search plan IS?
Encompasses area, intercept, lost-contact, and bottom searches
what type of ASW search is involved in PINEAPPLE- search plan 3S?
encompasses sectors around a datum or search center
what datum approach method is used when a submarine’s course cannot be determined
offset approach
what are the objectives of a SUW search
continuous surveillance; precisely locate, classify and target enemy surface forces
what governs the selection of a cruise missile seeker mode
quality of targeting data
what is the basic doctrine for SUW sensor employment
maximize passive sensor use to maintain the tactical advantage of surprise
who acts as the ASW evaluator prior to the arrival of the IAS team when as ASW contact is first gained
CRCWO
What ASW tactic is used to expend a diesel submarine’s capabilities while maintaining continous actice sonar contact
Hold Down
how are ambiguities in the Over-the-horizon-Targeting (OTH-T) database resolved by FOTC
By manually forcing track updates/ deletions or entering new tracks
During SUW cruise missile targeting, what four factors are considered
Weapon range and search capability;
weapon selective targeting capability;
weapon effectiveness;
weapon survivablitiy
What coordinated two-ship close ASW action allows for containment of and repeated attacks on subsurface contact
Geographic sector (attack plan 3A)
When selecting an ASUW weapon, what are the SAG’s four considerations
quality of targeting data
weapon capabilities
environment
and weapon inventory
During USW or SUW operations, what are CIC/CDC’s two major tasks
planning offensive operations and alerting the ship for required defensive measures
what is the CO’s primary role during USW
safety observer
what are the SUWC’s four primary duties
plan the protection of the force;
maintain a battle watch for controlling assigned assest;
develop an accurate, all-source, fused surveillance picture;
and coordinate actions within the CWC organiztion
What are the SUW’s primary planning considerations
Assess threat and force capabilities, define requirements to counter the threat, determine optimum tactical procedures for ASUW assets
What are the major SUW communication circuits
SATCOM command net; Command TGT (TTY); SUW C&R; TG TAC: and NTCS-A (OTCIXS/TADIXS)
Which brevity code word is used to implement advisory ASW air control
FREELANCE
What is the effect of an ‘ALPHA’ index of 25 or higher
Degraded MAD effectiveness
What net does the SAC and assigned units use for reporting, coordinating, and exchanging tactical information
Scene of Action Commander (SACNET)
What sensor system classification include national assets not under OTC/CWC control
Remote sensors
What directive contains a detailed description of the harpoon weapons system
OP 3594 VOL 7, HARPOON FIRING GUIDANCE
What class of sensor systems operate under the tactical control of the OTC/CWC while remaining under another commander’s operational control
dedicated sensors
What class of sensor systems are located aboard units under the operational and tactical control of the OTC/CWC
Organic sensors
What factors are considered by the OTC during screen design and selection
main body OPAREA, reaction zones, and TDZ/LLA
What provides non-OTCIXS equipped ships with a dedicated, one-way OTH-T communications link from FOTC and may also be used as a backup to OTCIXS
The high interest track (HIT) Broadcast system
What command, control and communications decision support system provides a common means for collecting, evaluating, and disseminating tactical data from multiple sources
Navy tactical command system- afloat (NTCS-A)
Who has the responsibility for solving for Eklund and single -leg bearing-only ranges
The Bearing rate computer operator
who enters targeting data from TDPs into the HSCLCS to support Harpoon engagement planning
the harpoon SWG-1 series console operator (BARCO)
What high-speed satellite communications subsystem supports the NTCS-A with one way broadcasts from shore sites to ships and two-way computer links between shore sites
TADIXS-A
What are the three principal duties of the OTH-T data base manager (DBM)
Monitors input of all source OTH-T data into TDPs for cruise missile engagements; monitors FOTC broadcast and reports discrepancies; monitors track updates, resolves ambiguities, and deletes stale tracks per FOTC SOP
A SUW contact report includes what information
Contact designation, report type, position, area of uncertainty, course and speed, sensor, observation time, identification, and remarks
What three events will justify breaking EMCON
If a ship is under attack and must energize surveillance and fire control radars for self-defense; information that enemy units are within engagement range; or when an enemy is visually sighted
A battle damage assessment (BDA) report includes what information
target identification, impact assessment, visible damage, acoustic data, mobility impairment, and operational impairment
What task unit of two or more ships is assigned by the operational commander to conduct offensive operations with the primary mission of engaging and defeating enemy surface forces
surface action group (SAG)
What is the reason for cover and deception in ASUW
Conceal the size and disposition of the force
how is ASUW aircraft fundamentally employed
to extent force surveillance range
What is the primary concern in ASUW defense of the main body
Position forces between the enemy and the main body
What ASW aircraft has the greatest endurance and ASW load out capacity
P-3C Orion
What are the primary use of ASW aircraft
search, detection, localization, surveillance, targeting, and attack. Add speed, range, and mobility to ASW operations and act as long-range weapons systems during coordinated operations
What are the duties of the surface raid reporting control ship
to issue threat warning and report all contacts to the force
What is the role of the surface surveillance coordinator (SSC)
Responsible for collecting and disseminating surface contact information. When assigned, control and coordination of force surveillance assest
what procedure is used by an aircraft to report contacts during radio-silent EMCON
Squawk prearranged discrete mode III code
What is the overall goal of the search phase of a harpoon engagement
detect opposing surface combatants at maximum range while avoiding counter detection
which electronic sensor is used to locate reference sonobuoys by an aircraft commander
on top position indicator (OTPI)
What are the two major advantages of the magnetic anomaly detector (MAD)
it’s passive and provides targeting-quality localization
What us the function of the directional command activated sonobuoy system (DICASS)
used for detection, localization, and tracking
because of targeting radar performance, what is the probable fast patrol boat (FPB) optimum missile firing range
about 15 nautical miles
during ASW, what are the basic CIC/CDC functions
external communications, disseminating tactical information, plotting and maintain displays, and tactical recommendations
when constructing a surface action formation, what must be considered by the ASUWC
the formation must permit ships to engage with all weapons and to take evasive action without endangering other units. It must also provide mutual support so that enemy forces cannot concentrate on dispersed elements
why is early detection and recognition a crucial factor in fast patrol boat (FPB) defense
because high speed and expected detection ranges require earliest possible detection and identification to take timely action
what is the difference between targeting and localizaton
localization is determining the contact position while targeting includes localization and predicting position of a contact designed as a target for developing a fire control solution for a specific weapon
what are the subdivisions of the approach phase of a harpoon engagement
classification and localization
what is the modern naval warfare concept of surface action
maximize friendly offensive potential, while denying an enemy’s effective use of own surface forces
what is the best definition of datum
the last known position of the submarine
what is a screen’s purpose
to protect mission essential units in a multi-threat environment
what term is used by ASW aircraft to indicate that they are in clouds or reduced visibility
popeye
What is TACINTEL
A SATCOM system for computer-to-computer transmission of data between SESS-equipped ships that provides tipper information
What is a Bomb damage assessment’s (BDA) objective
To decide if further engagement are required
What shore-based processing centers are ocean surveillance information database managers, and provides correlated, all-source track data to afloat and shore users
FOSICs and FOSIFs
What speed is selected by the ASWC to achieve a maximum swept area with surface ship sonar under prevailing environmental conditions
Optimum sonar speed
Which near-real time battle management software system uses automated data communications capability to interface with all OTH-T modes
GCCS-M
What SAG policy formulation element considers physical and electronic measures to conceal the size and formation of friendly ASUW forces
Operational Deception (OPDEC)
What is the probability of detection of a given predicted sonar range (PSR)
50% with an alerted operator
What is the major disadvantage of infrared (IR) sensors in ASUW
Degraded by rain, mist, or smoke
What submarine contact classification indicates a strong cumulative evidence of being a submarine
PROBSUB- Probable submarine
What is the effect on passive sonobuoy detection of a high ambient noise level in shallow water
Greatly reduces effectiveness
which datum approach uses a 10-30 degree displacement from a direct approach
offset approach
What are ASW surface ships advantages to ASW aircraft
Greater endurance, variety of weapons systems with numerous reloads, use of same element as submarine with ability to operate in adverse weather conditions, and the ability to operate and refuel helicopters
what is the executive order for exchanging Scene of Action commander (SAC) duties
SWAP
How far from the launch point is the center of the Harpoon booster drop zone located?
2000 yards
What element may the CIC/CDC control
Helicopters
What is the maximum capacity of sonobuoy in the SH-60B’s chutes {launcher}
25
Is it possible for a Harpoon to engage a surfaced submarine
yes
what are the categories of the harpoon engagement approach phase
classification and localization
Who selects the method of air control to be used and then orders the tactical employment of aircraft as required by the ASWC
either ACU or ASWACU
What are the four classifications of submarine sonar contacts
CERTSUB, PROBSUB, POSSUB, AND NONSUB
During an ASW search, what is the primary limiting factor for an aircraft’s radar
sea state
What is an air-delivered MK-46 torpedoes’ classification
long-range weapons systems
what type of attack is conducted when a submarine is detected within the TDZ
urgent attack
What is the general objective of the Harpoon engagement search phase
to detect an opposing combatant at the greatest possible range while avoiding counter detection
What sensor is valuable for detecting FPBs in waiting or camouflaged positions or at slow speed
Infrared sensors
