AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS Flashcards
What is an amphibious operation
an attack that is launched from the sea by naval and landing forces embarked in ships or craft involving a landing on a hostile shore
What are two major disadvantages of staging an amphibious operation
first, combat power ashore starts from a zero capability, and secondly there is great vulnerability during the early phase of the assault
What are the advantages of an amphibious operation
Mobility (ability to land wherever chosen) and flexibility (ability to select time and method)
What is the primary type of amphibious operation
amphibious assault
What is a temporary amphibious landing that is always followed by a planned withdrawal
amphibious raid
what is the primary mission of an amphibious assault
establishing a landing force on a hostile shore
what is the majore difference between an amphibious raid and an amphibious assault
an amphibious raid is a temporary landing followed by a planned withdrawal whereas an amphibious assault is the establishing of a landing force on the shore
How is an amphibious withdrawal different from both an amphibious raid and an amphibious assault
it is a withdrawal from rather than a landing on a hostile shore
What type of amphibious operation is intended to delude the enemy into taking action unfavorable to him/her
amphibious demonstration
How does an amphibious demonstration differ from both an amphibious assault and an amphibious raid
the amphibious demonstration is only a show of force- no landing is made
What are the goals of an amphibious operation
to prosecute further combat operation; to obtain a site for an advanced base; and to deny use of the area and its facilities to the enemy
What are the five amphibious operation phases
planning embarkation rehearsal movement and assault
at what point does the planning phase of an amphibious operation commence
with the initiating directive
What would preclude launching an amphibious operation
insufficient logistic support available to the ATF and enemy reserce foruce outside the objective area can be used to support the enemy ashore
what are three characteristics of supporting amphibious operations
ordered by a higher authority; uses forces other than those assigned to CATF; and usually outside the area of CATF responsibility
What ATF forces must be superior to enemy forces before any amphibious operation should be launched
surface and submarine forces (ASUW/ASW); air forces (AAW); and landing forces over enemy forces ashore (GCE)
What must occur before an amphibious operation can be launched when enemy forces are superior to the landing force of the ATF
The total force available must be superior in strength to the enemy forces
At what point is the adequacy of an amphibious plan determined
during the rehearsal phase
When does the amphibious assault phase begin
when the major assault forces arrive in their assigned positions in the objective area
What steps are involved in terminating an amphibious operation
CATF and Commanding Landing Force (CLF) must agree that the mission is accomplished; CATF then reports accomplishing the mission to higher authority; and the higher authority orders termination of the operation and disposition of the forces
What condition must be met to terminate an amphibious operation
mission completion as stated in the initiating directive
The touchdown report is made on what net
Bravo net
What are the objectives of the advance amphibious force
destroy all enemy installations that could oppose the landing; support mine clearing and underwater demolition operations; and prepare the way for landing operations
What is a class E target classification
one that designates installations that will not be destroyed because of humanitarian reasons or future use by own forces, unless specifically targeted by the CATF
