Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anesthesia Pharm I > antiseptics and disinfectants > Flashcards

antiseptics and disinfectants Flashcards

1
Q

what is considered critical risk for transmitting infection?

A

items enters a sterile area of the body or vascular system; condition at time of use is sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is semi-critical risk?

A

items that come in contact with mucous membranes; condition at time of use is sterile or high level disinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is non-critical risk?

A

items that do not come in contact with patient or touch intact skin only; condition at time of use is clean and intermediate or low level disinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe environmental surfaces

A

medical equipment and housekeeping surfaces; should be clean and intermediate or low level disinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define an antiseptic

A

an agent applied to living tissue to kill or prevent growth of microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define disinfectant

A

an agent or treatment applied to an inanimate surface to destroy most microorganisms or viruses, but not spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define sterilization

A

the process that kills or removes all types of microorganisms, including spores, fungi, and viruses
*most effective method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define pasteurization

A

the process of killing microorganisms, other than spores, with hot water or steam at 65-100 degree C (55-75 degree C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define sanitization

A

decreasing the number of microorganisms on an inanimate surface to acceptable for public health purposes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe alcohols

A
  • antiseptic

- ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are limitations of alcohols?

A
  • no residual effect d/t rapid evaporation (doesn’t stay on amount of time needed for action)
  • flammable (cautery, laser- make sure area is completely dry, no pooling in umbilicus or around sides)
  • damaging if used on corneal tissue
  • if immunosuppressed used betadine swab
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are advantages of alcohols?

A
  • useful when sinks with running water and soap not available
  • can also be used as a disinfectant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe quaternary ammonium compounds

A
  • antiseptic, Zephiran
  • red
  • rapid onset
  • more effective when in tincture with alcohol
  • target bacteria (gram + and -), many fungi and viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are limitations of quaternary ammonium compounds?

A
  • no effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • CDC found growth of pseudomonas, other gram - bacteria in solutions; DONT use as antiseptic
  • absorption by polyethylene and polypropylene of instruments (specifically endoscopes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe chlorhexidine

A

-Hibiclens; 4% hand scrub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are limitations of chlorhexidine?

A
  • neural toxicity (if used before breaking skin for epidural, spinal, or plexus block)
  • causes sensorineural deafness if used with middle ear surgery
17
Q

what are advantages of chlorhexidine?

A
  • rapid onset (yet slower than alcohols)
  • residual effect (works even after dry)
  • minimal risk of contact sensitivity (good for plastic surgery)
  • not readily absorbed via topical application
18
Q

describe iodine

A
  • most active antiseptic for intact skin
  • 1% solution kills 90% of bacteria in 90 seconds
  • 5% solution kills 90% of bacteria in 60 seconds
  • target bacteria (gram +/-), viruses, spores (if left wet for 15 min.)
19
Q

what are limitations of iodine?

A
  • burns with > 7% solution
  • hypersensitivity reactions
  • staining of clothes, skin (yellowish tint)
20
Q

describe iodophors

A
  • providone-iodine, Betadine
  • antiseptic
  • complex of iodine with a carrier agent
  • retains the activity of iodine (10% solution has 1 % iodine so kills 90% bacteria in 90 sec.)
  • target: bacteria (>90%), mycobacteria, fungi, and lipid-containing viruses, sporicidal with prolonged exposure
21
Q

what are limitations of iodophors?

A
  • lack persistent effect of chlorhexidine
  • bacteria returns in 6-8 hours
  • many people may be sensitive and leaves rash if left on
  • if > 50 ml of Betadine injected (like with thoracotomy), can cause blindness d/t absorption of iodine
22
Q

what are advantages of iodophors?

A
  • less irritating than iodine
  • broader spectrum than chlorhexidine, same onset
  • minimal staining of skin
23
Q

describe hexachlorophene (pHisoHex)

A
  • decreased bacteria by only 30-50% initially, but continues to decrease down to 4% an hour later
  • target: bacteria (especially gram +)
  • no effect on spores
24
Q

what are limitations of pHisoHex?

A
  • daily bathing of neonates lead to brain damage
  • absorbed can cause neurotoxic effects, cerebral irritability
  • don’t use routinely if pregnant
25
Q

describe formaldehyde

A
  • disinfectant
  • 2-8% solutions used on surgical instruments
  • broad spectrum against bacteria, fungi, and viruses
  • takes 2-4 days to kill spores
  • 4% embalming does not kill mycobacteria
  • pungent odor, irritating to respiratory mucosa
26
Q

describe glutaraldehyde

A
  • more rapid than formaldehyde
  • kills bacteria, spores, fungi, viruses
  • effects m. tuberculosis
  • less pungent and irritating
  • better than iodophors and hexachlorophene in sterilizing endoscopes
27
Q

describe pasteurization

A
  • destroying microorganisms by hot water disinfection (55-75 degree C)
  • kills bacteria “of significance in human disease” (gram - rods, m. tuberculosis, many fungi, and viruses)
  • may melt equipment
  • cost effective
28
Q

describe silver nitrate

A
  • bactericidal, especially for gonococci (eye gtts in neonates)
  • used for cauterizing wounds
  • used for burn treatment
29
Q

what are limitations of silver nitrate?

A
  • hypochloremia with burns (silver binds Cl-)

- hyponatremia also (Na+ follows Cl-)

30
Q

describe ethylene oxide

A
  • antimicrobial to ALL organisms at room temp
  • alternative to heat sterilization (option for materials that will melt)
  • special chamber to allow continuous contact of gas with item for several hours
  • allow airing to remove residual
  • irritation and allergic reactions possible
  • associated with latex allergy, spina bifida

Anesthesia Pharm I (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions