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Pharm Exam 5 > Antipsychotic Medications > Flashcards

Antipsychotic Medications Flashcards

1
Q

What is serotonin syndrome? What are the classic signs and symptoms?

A

too much serotonin in the body

agitation, hyperreflexia, fever, diaphoresis, tachycardia, seizures, death

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2
Q

What is EPS? What are the signs and symptoms? What 2 meds treat it?

A

Extrapyramidal Symptoms

Impaired motor function, muscle rigidity, drooling, involuntary muscle movements

diphenhydramine or benztropine @ bedtime

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3
Q
  1. What is Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)? What two medications treat it?
A

Protrusion of the tongue, chewing movements, and other slow rhythmic involuntary movements may occur with long-term use of antipsychotics, usually irreversible.

deutetrabenazine, valbenazine

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4
Q
  1. What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome? What are the signs and symptoms? What medication treats it?
A

A rare but potentially FATAL complication that may occur within hours of treatment or years later with some antipsychotics (usually “typical antipsychotics”).

Symptoms: lead pipe muscle rigidity, severe temp elevation, dysrhythmias, seizures, and death.

Dantrolene

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5
Q

How do anxiolytics work and what medications are used?

A

Potentiate GABA

  1. benzos “am” family- most common
  2. buspirone- DOC for generalize anxiety
  3. antihistamines
  4. atomoxetine- off label ADHD med
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6
Q

What are the 3 groups of mood stabilizers and how do they work?

A
  1. Lithium
  2. Valproates
  3. Atypical Anti-psychotics

block dopamine and serotonin

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7
Q

What is the therapeutic drug level for lithium?

A

Acute- 1-1.5 mEq/L
Long-term- 0.6-1.2 mEq/L

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8
Q

What are the side effects and nursing considerations for lithium?

A

Side effects mimic drunk person

teratogenic

NO NSAIDS

inverse relationship with Na (sodium)

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9
Q

What type of drugs are divalproex sodium and valproic acid? What is a common ADR?

A

Valproates

steven-johnson’s syndrome

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10
Q

What is the antidote for benzos?

A

flumazenil

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11
Q

What are the 4 classes of anti-depressants and what is the BLACK BOX warning for all of them?

A

BLACK BOX- serotonin syndrome and suicide

  1. TCA
  2. MAOI
  3. SSRI
  4. SNRI
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12
Q

What type of drug is Amitriptyline and what is the biggest ADR?

A

Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

block inactivation of NE and serotonin

CARDIOTOXIC WITH OVERDOSE

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13
Q

What drugs are venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, and duloxetine?

A

SNRI’s

more NE and dopamine

same as SSRI but causes hypertension

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14
Q

What drugs are fluoxetine, sertraline and
escitalopram?

A

SSRI

block reuptake of serotonin

better than TCAs because less anti- cholinergic and anti-adrenergic effects

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15
Q

What drugs are tranylcypromine and phenelzine? What is the biggest ADR?

A

MAOI’s

TYRAMINE- Life-threatening hypertensive crisis if taken concurrently with tyramine-containing foods (aged or smoked meats, cheese, red wine)

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16
Q

What is bupropion used for?

A

smoking cessation and depression

17
Q

What herbal supplement is widely used for the treatment of depression?

A

St. John’s Wart

18
Q

What two drugs are used for alcohol dependency and what are they used for?

A

disulfiram- makes them vomit when ingesting alcohol

naltrexone- decreases cravings

19
Q

What two drugs help with withdrawals of alcohol and what are they used for?

A

lorazepam/diazepam- TREATS seizures/withdrawals

chlordiazepoxide- PREVENT seizures/withdrawals

20
Q

What 3 drugs can be used for nicotine cessation?

A
  1. replacement therapy (gum, patches, lozenges)
  2. varenicline (chantix)- smoke for 1st 7 days and NO DRIVERS
  3. bupropion
21
Q

What 4 drugs are used for opiate addiction and what are they used for?

A
  1. methadone- prevents withdrawal
  2. buprenorphine
  3. buprenorphine and naloxone- withdrawal/treatment
  4. naltrexone- long-term maintenance/abstinence (will not get high)
22
Q

What are the two types of anti-psychotics and how do they work?

A
  1. typical- positive symptoms and syndromes
  2. atypical- positive and negative symptoms

block dopamine and serotonin

23
Q

What are the two typical types of antipsychotics and an example?

A
  1. phenothiazine- chlorpromazine
  2. phenothiazine-like- haloperidol
24
Q

What are two major considerations of haloperidol?

A

High EPS and ECG monitoring

25
Q

What type of drug is clozapine and what are the ADRs and considerations?

A

last resort atypical antipsychotic

bone marrow suppression (less than 2,000 indefinitely stop)

diabetes, lipids, obesity, dysrhythmias

26
Q

What type class of drugs do aripiprazole, brexpriprazole, risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine, and asenapine belong to?

A

Atypical anti-psychotics

Pharm Exam 5 (6 decks)

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