Antipsychotic Medications Flashcards
What is serotonin syndrome? What are the classic signs and symptoms?
too much serotonin in the body
agitation, hyperreflexia, fever, diaphoresis, tachycardia, seizures, death
What is EPS? What are the signs and symptoms? What 2 meds treat it?
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Impaired motor function, muscle rigidity, drooling, involuntary muscle movements
diphenhydramine or benztropine @ bedtime
- What is Tardive Dyskinesia (TD)? What two medications treat it?
Protrusion of the tongue, chewing movements, and other slow rhythmic involuntary movements may occur with long-term use of antipsychotics, usually irreversible.
deutetrabenazine, valbenazine
- What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome? What are the signs and symptoms? What medication treats it?
A rare but potentially FATAL complication that may occur within hours of treatment or years later with some antipsychotics (usually “typical antipsychotics”).
Symptoms: lead pipe muscle rigidity, severe temp elevation, dysrhythmias, seizures, and death.
Dantrolene
How do anxiolytics work and what medications are used?
Potentiate GABA
- benzos “am” family- most common
- buspirone- DOC for generalize anxiety
- antihistamines
- atomoxetine- off label ADHD med
What are the 3 groups of mood stabilizers and how do they work?
- Lithium
- Valproates
- Atypical Anti-psychotics
block dopamine and serotonin
What is the therapeutic drug level for lithium?
Acute- 1-1.5 mEq/L
Long-term- 0.6-1.2 mEq/L
What are the side effects and nursing considerations for lithium?
Side effects mimic drunk person
teratogenic
NO NSAIDS
inverse relationship with Na (sodium)
What type of drugs are divalproex sodium and valproic acid? What is a common ADR?
Valproates
steven-johnson’s syndrome
What is the antidote for benzos?
flumazenil
What are the 4 classes of anti-depressants and what is the BLACK BOX warning for all of them?
BLACK BOX- serotonin syndrome and suicide
- TCA
- MAOI
- SSRI
- SNRI
What type of drug is Amitriptyline and what is the biggest ADR?
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
block inactivation of NE and serotonin
CARDIOTOXIC WITH OVERDOSE
What drugs are venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, and duloxetine?
SNRI’s
more NE and dopamine
same as SSRI but causes hypertension
What drugs are fluoxetine, sertraline and
escitalopram?
SSRI
block reuptake of serotonin
better than TCAs because less anti- cholinergic and anti-adrenergic effects
What drugs are tranylcypromine and phenelzine? What is the biggest ADR?
MAOI’s
TYRAMINE- Life-threatening hypertensive crisis if taken concurrently with tyramine-containing foods (aged or smoked meats, cheese, red wine)
What is bupropion used for?
smoking cessation and depression
What herbal supplement is widely used for the treatment of depression?
St. John’s Wart
What two drugs are used for alcohol dependency and what are they used for?
disulfiram- makes them vomit when ingesting alcohol
naltrexone- decreases cravings
What two drugs help with withdrawals of alcohol and what are they used for?
lorazepam/diazepam- TREATS seizures/withdrawals
chlordiazepoxide- PREVENT seizures/withdrawals
What 3 drugs can be used for nicotine cessation?
- replacement therapy (gum, patches, lozenges)
- varenicline (chantix)- smoke for 1st 7 days and NO DRIVERS
- bupropion
What 4 drugs are used for opiate addiction and what are they used for?
- methadone- prevents withdrawal
- buprenorphine
- buprenorphine and naloxone- withdrawal/treatment
- naltrexone- long-term maintenance/abstinence (will not get high)
What are the two types of anti-psychotics and how do they work?
- typical- positive symptoms and syndromes
- atypical- positive and negative symptoms
block dopamine and serotonin
What are the two typical types of antipsychotics and an example?
- phenothiazine- chlorpromazine
- phenothiazine-like- haloperidol
What are two major considerations of haloperidol?
High EPS and ECG monitoring
