Antiparasitics Flashcards
What are antiparasitics?
Drugs used for treatment of infections caused by various parasites
Division of antiparasitics:
Treatment of:
1. Protozoa: coccidia, eimeria, histomonas
2. Helminths: nematodes, cestodes, trematodes
3. Ectoparasites: lice, fleas, mites, ticks
Name disorders caused by external and internal parasites:
Take nutrients from host organism
Microtrauma (skin wounds)
Action of toxins cause disorders in organs function
Immunity impairment (prone to infections)
Define the term parasite infestation:
a group of disorders caused by invasion of an organism with other multicellular or unicellular organisms
What are basic principles for treatment of parasitosis?
- depends on manifestation and symptoms
- complex prevention (healthy animals and surroundings)
- respect biology, and epidemiology of parasite
- improve physiological state of animal and hosts resistance
- sanitation of pastureland
- preventive and therapeutics application of active substances
Ways of application of antiparasitics:
Injection: subcutaneously, intramuscular
Perorally: pastes, solutions, premix, bolus
Locally: spray, pour-on, spot-on, collar, powders, shampoos
Name the two major genera of coccidia, what they cause and how to avoid:
Isospora and Eimeria
- destruction of tissue, coccidiosis in poultry and various animals
- endoparasites of small intestine, and other parts of GIT
- young animals have greatest risk, can add low levels of anticoccidial drugs in feed
Purpose of anticoccidial drugs
Therapeutic and prophylactic
Name antiprotozoal agents:
Metronidazolum - metrozol and stomorgyl
Ornidazolum - trichobion
Dimetridazol - dyzenteral
Toltrazurilum - baycox
Diclazurilum - diclazuril
Halofuginonum - halocur
Amprolium - amprol
Sulfadimidinum - sulfacox
Sulfaclozinum - klozanit
Diaveridinum - sulfacox
Sulfanomides with therapeutic anticoccidial effect:
Sulfadimidinum - sulfacox
sulfaclozinum - ESB 30%, klozanit
toltrazuril - baycox
Name prophylactic anticoccidials:
Diclazurilum - vecoxan
Halofuginonum - halocur
Antihelmintics are used to treat:
Helminths - worm-like parasites
Nematodes - roundworms
Trematodes - leaf-shaped flatworms
Cestodes - tapeworms
Division of antinematodal drugs:
Imidazoles
Tetrahydropyrimidines
Organophosphate compounds
Macrocyclic lactones
Heterocyclic compounds
Miscellaneous nematocidal compound
Division of antitrematodal drugs:
Halogenated salicylanilides
The bromsalans
Halogenated phenols
Benzimidazoles
Phenoxyalcans
Benzensulfanomides
Organophosphates
Chlorinated derivatives
Division of anticestodal drugs:
Synthetic organic compounds
Benzimidazoles
Miscellaneous anticestodal drugs
What are ectoparasiticides?
Antiparasitic drugs used in the treatment of ectoparasitic infestations.
Used to kill parasites that live on the body surface.
Division of ectoparasiticides:
Pyretrines and synthetic pyrethroids
Organochlorides
Organophosphates
Carbamates
Other ectoparasiticides
Macrocyclic lactones
Insect growth regulators
