Antiparasitics

Question 1

What are antiparasitics?

Answer 1

Drugs used for treatment of infections caused by various parasites

Question 2

Division of antiparasitics:

Answer 2

Treatment of:
1. Protozoa: coccidia, eimeria, histomonas
2. Helminths: nematodes, cestodes, trematodes
3. Ectoparasites: lice, fleas, mites, ticks

Question 3

Name disorders caused by external and internal parasites:

Answer 3

Take nutrients from host organism
Microtrauma (skin wounds)
Action of toxins cause disorders in organs function
Immunity impairment (prone to infections)

Question 4

Define the term parasite infestation:

Answer 4

a group of disorders caused by invasion of an organism with other multicellular or unicellular organisms

Question 5

What are basic principles for treatment of parasitosis?

Answer 5

• depends on manifestation and symptoms
• complex prevention (healthy animals and surroundings)
• respect biology, and epidemiology of parasite
• improve physiological state of animal and hosts resistance
• sanitation of pastureland
• preventive and therapeutics application of active substances

Question 6

Ways of application of antiparasitics:

Answer 6

Injection: subcutaneously, intramuscular

Perorally: pastes, solutions, premix, bolus

Locally: spray, pour-on, spot-on, collar, powders, shampoos

Question 7

Name the two major genera of coccidia, what they cause and how to avoid:

Answer 7

Isospora and Eimeria
- destruction of tissue, coccidiosis in poultry and various animals
- endoparasites of small intestine, and other parts of GIT
- young animals have greatest risk, can add low levels of anticoccidial drugs in feed

Question 8

Purpose of anticoccidial drugs

Answer 8

Therapeutic and prophylactic

Question 9

Name antiprotozoal agents:

Answer 9

Metronidazolum - metrozol and stomorgyl
Ornidazolum - trichobion
Dimetridazol - dyzenteral
Toltrazurilum - baycox
Diclazurilum - diclazuril
Halofuginonum - halocur
Amprolium - amprol
Sulfadimidinum - sulfacox
Sulfaclozinum - klozanit
Diaveridinum - sulfacox

Question 10

Sulfanomides with therapeutic anticoccidial effect:

Answer 10

Sulfadimidinum - sulfacox
sulfaclozinum - ESB 30%, klozanit
toltrazuril - baycox

Question 11

Name prophylactic anticoccidials:

Answer 11

Diclazurilum - vecoxan
Halofuginonum - halocur

Question 12

Antihelmintics are used to treat:

Answer 12

Helminths - worm-like parasites
Nematodes - roundworms
Trematodes - leaf-shaped flatworms
Cestodes - tapeworms

Question 13

Division of antinematodal drugs:

Answer 13

Imidazoles
Tetrahydropyrimidines
Organophosphate compounds
Macrocyclic lactones
Heterocyclic compounds
Miscellaneous nematocidal compound

Question 14

Division of antitrematodal drugs:

Answer 14

Halogenated salicylanilides
The bromsalans
Halogenated phenols
Benzimidazoles
Phenoxyalcans
Benzensulfanomides
Organophosphates
Chlorinated derivatives

Question 15

Division of anticestodal drugs:

Answer 15

Synthetic organic compounds
Benzimidazoles
Miscellaneous anticestodal drugs

Question 16

What are ectoparasiticides?

Answer 16

Antiparasitic drugs used in the treatment of ectoparasitic infestations.
Used to kill parasites that live on the body surface.

Question 17

Division of ectoparasiticides:

Answer 17

Pyretrines and synthetic pyrethroids
Organochlorides
Organophosphates
Carbamates
Other ectoparasiticides
Macrocyclic lactones
Insect growth regulators