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Pharmacology > Antineoplastic > Flashcards

Antineoplastic Flashcards

1
Q

“New Growth”

~An abnormal mass of tissue. The growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissue and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of stimuli which evoked the changes

~Fundamental to the origin of all neoplasms are heritable / genetic changes that allow excessive and unregulated proliferation

A

Neoplasm or Neoplasia

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2
Q

Malignant tumor (capability to invade other tissues)

A

Cancer

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3
Q

Malignant mesenchymal tumor (e.g, connective tissue, muscle tissue, adipose tissue) [blood is not included]

Uses the hematogenous route for dissemination

A

Sarcoma

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3
Q

Malignant epithelial tumor

Disseminates by using a specific route e.g. the lymphatic system

A

Carcinoma

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4
Q

Types of cancer:

A

Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Teratoma

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5
Q

Mixed

E.g (Cystic teratoma of the ovary)

A

Teratoma

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6
Q

Glandular epithelium (e.g, Adenoma - benign, Adenocarcinoma - malignant)

A

Adeno

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6
Q

From fat (e.g. Lipoma - benign fat tumor, Liposarcoma - malignant stromal tumor)

A

Lipo

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7
Q

Neoplastics agents that target eukaryotic cells

A

Antitumor antibiotics
Antimetabolites
Alkylating agents
Platinum compounds
Microtubule inhibitors
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies

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8
Q

Danger signs of cancer

A

Change in bowel
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding
Thickening
Indigestion
Obvious change in a mole
Nagging cough
Unexplained anemia
Sudden unexplained weight loss

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9
Q

~ Duplication of cell

~ Dna synthesis or replication

~ Double checking

~ Dna synthesis or replication

A

G1 PHASE

S PHASE

G2 PHASE

M PHASE

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10
Q

Generation of free radicals (reacts to biomolecules)

A

Antitumor antibiotics

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11
Q

ANTITUMOR:

MECHANISM:
Induces free radical formation then breaks in DNA strand

CLINICAL USE:
TESTICULAR CANCER AND HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

ADVERSE EFFECT:
PULMONARY FIBROSIS
SKIN PIGMENTATION

A

BLEOMYCIN

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12
Q

ANTITUMOR:

MECHANISM: Intercalates into DNA preventing RNA synthesis

CLINICAL USE: Wilms tumor and Rhabdomyosarcoma

ADVERSE EFFECT: Myelosuppression

A

Dactinomycin

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13
Q

Inhibition of the differentiation of bone marrow cells

A

Myelosuppression

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14
Q

ANTITUMOR:

MECHANISM: Generate free radicals

CLINICAL USE: Solid tumor, leukemia and lumphoma

ADVERSE EFFECT:
Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Myelosuppression

A

Anthracylines

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15
Q

ANTOMETABOLITES:

MECHANISM:
Purine analog into de novo purine synthesis

CLINICAL USE: Rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, SLE, ALL

ADVERSE EFFECT:
Myelosuppression, GI and Liver toxicity

A

Thiopurines

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16
Q

ANTOMETABOLITES:

MECHANISM: Purine analog into multiple mechanism

CLINICAL USE: Hairy Cell leukemia

ADVERSE EFFECT: Myelosuppression

A

Cladribine and Pentostatin

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17
Q

ANTOMETABOLITES:

MECHANISM: Pyrimidine analog

CLINICAL USE: AML and Lymphomas

ADVERSE EFFECT: Myelosuppression

A

Cytarabine

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18
Q

ANTOMETABOLITES:

MECHANISM: Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase into DNA synthesis

CLINICAL USE: Myeloproliferative disorders

ADVERSE EFFECT: Myelosuppression and Megaloblastic anemia

A

Hydroxyurea

18
Q

ANTOMETABOLITES:

MECHANISM: Pyrimidine Analog

CLINICAL USE: Colon Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer

ADVERSE EFFECT:
Myelosuppression
Palmar plantar
Erythrodysesthesia

A

5-Fluorouracil

19
Q

ANTOMETABOLITES:

MECHANISM: Folic analog inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

CLINICAL USE: Lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma and ectopic pregnancy

ADVERSE EFFECT: Myelosuppression

A

Methotrexate

20
Q

All are S phase specific except Cladribine (cell cycle nonspecific)

A

ANTOMETABOLITES

21
Q

All are cell cycle nonspecific except Bleomycin (G2/M Phase specific)

A

Antitumor Antibiotics

22
Q

Adding alkyl group to Guanine 2 carbon chains to bases (Purine) [but it can be Adenine

A

Alkylating agents

23
Q

Alkylating agents:

MECH: Cross links DNA

CLINICAL USE:
Used to ablate patient’s bone marrow before bone marrow transplantation

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Severe myelosuppression
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Hyperpigmentation

A

Busulfan

24
Q

Alkylating agents:

MECH: Cross links DNA

CLINICAL USE:
Solid tumors, leukemia, lymphoma and rheumatic disease

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Myelosuppression
Fanconi Syndrome
Hemorrhagic Cystitis

A

Nitrogen Mustards

25
Q

Alkylating agents:

MECH: Cross links DNA, can cross BBB

CLINICAL USE: Brain tumor

ADVERSE EFFECTS: CNS toxicity

A

Nitrosoureas

25
Q

Alkylating agents:

MECH: Unknown

CLINICAL USE: Hodgkin Lymphoma

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Myelosuppression
Pulmonary Toxicity

A

Procarbazine

26
Q

Alkylating agents:

MECH: DNA Methylation

CLINICAL USE: Glioblastoma Multiforme

ADVERSE EFFECTS: Myelosuppression

A

Temozolomide

27
Q

Drug used for anteversion therapy (alcoholic patients) hangover

A

Disulfiram

28
Q

drugs are eliminated in the kidneys that why it can get infected

Kidney tubule infection

A

Fanconi syndrome

29
Q

What drug comes from the periwinkle flower

A

Vinca Alkaloids

29
Q

Platinum Compounds:

MECHANISM:
Cross link DNA, cell cycle nonspecific

CLINICAL USE:
Solid tumor

AE:
Nephrotoxicity
Peripheral Neuropathy
Ototoxicity

A

CISPLANTIN
CARBOPLANTIN
OXALIPLANTIN

30
Q

All are m-phase specific
Common adv effect: peripheral neuropathy

A

Microtubule inhibitors

31
Q

MICROTUBULE INHIBITORS:

MECHANISM: Hyperstabilze polymerized microtubules and prevent mitotic spindle

CLINICAL USE: Various tumors

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Myelosuppression
Neuropathy
Hypersensitivity

A

Taxanes

32
Q

MICROTUBULE INHIBITORS:

MECHANISM:
Bind to beta tubulin and inhibit polymerization into microtubules and prevent mitotic spindle

CLINICAL USE: Solid tumors, Leukemias, Hodgkin and non Hodgkin lymphimas

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Myelosuppression
Vincristine
Vinblastine

A

Vinca Alkaloids

33
Q

All cause increase in DNA degradation resulting in cell cycle arrest in S and G2 phase

A

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

34
Q

Topoisomerase Inhibitors:

MECHANISM: Inhibit topoisomerase 2

CLINICAL USE: Testicular, small cell lung cancer, leukemia and lymphoma

ADVERSE EFFECTS: Myelosuppression and Alopecia

A

Etoposide and Teniposide

34
Q

Topoisomerase Inhibitors:

MECHANISM: Inhibit topoisomerase 1

CLINICAL USE: Colon ovarian, small cell lung cancer

ADVERSE EFFECTS: Myelosuppression

A

Irinotecan and Topotecan

35
Q

Selective estrogen receptor modulator with complex mode of action, antagonist in breast tissue, partial agonist in endometrium and bone

CLINICAL USE: Prevention and treatment of breast cancer, prevention of gynecomastia

Adverse Effects:
Hot Flashes
Increased risk of thromboembolic events
Endometrial Cancer

A

Tamoxifen

36
Q

Works against extracellular targets to neutralize them ot to promote immune system recognition

A

Anticancer monoclonal Antibodies

37
Q

Anticancer monoclonal Antibodies:

Target: CD52

CLINICAL USE: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, multiple sclerosis

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Increased risk of infections and autoimmunity

A

Alemtuzumab

38
Q

Anticancer monoclonal Antibodies:

Target: VEGF

CLINICAL USE: Colorectal Cancer, Renal Cell carcinoma and Non small cell lung cancer

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Hemorrhage
Blood clots
Impaired Wound healing

A

Bevacizumab

39
Q

Anticancer monoclonal Antibodies:

Target: EGFR

CLINICAL USE:
Metastatic CRC
Head and Neck Cancer

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Rash
Elevated Liver function test
Diarrhea

A

Cetuximab and Panitumumab

40
Q

Anticancer monoclonal Antibodies:

Target: CD20

CLINICAL USE: Non Hodgkin Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

ADVERSE EFFECTS:
Infusion reaction due to cytokine release following interaction of rituximab

A

Rituximab

41
Q

NR

A

Monitor VS and report elevation of temp may indicate Low WBC

Monitor Urine output

Avoid Direct skin contact with anticancer drugs

Check for signs of bleeding

42
Q

Anticancer monoclonal Antibodies:

Target: HER2

CLINICAL USE: Breast Cancer

ADVERSE EFFECTS: Dilated Cardimyopathy

A

Trastuzumab

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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