Antimicrobials II Flashcards
Name all the drugs (categories) that inhibit protein synthesis
Aminglycosides Tetracyclines Cloramhenicol Clindamycin Macrolides Linezolid Streptogramins Mupirocin
What are the drugs that affect the 30S subunit?
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
What are the drugs that afffect the 50S subunit?
Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Macrolides Linezolid Streptogramins
What is the drug that affects the tRNA synthetase?
Mupirocin
Name all the Aminoglycosides
Gentamycin Neomycin Amikacin Tobramycin Streptomycin
(GNATS)
MOA of aminoglycosides?
bactercidal
inhibits the 30s subunit
Clinical use of aminoglycosides
Severe gram - aerobic bacteria
Neomycin enema for bowel surgery
Toxicity and contraindications for aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Tertogen
Amikacin is the _____ spectrum of aminoglycosides
broadest
Name the tetracyclines
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Tigecycline
Minocycline
MOA of tetracyclines
bacteriostatic
inhibits 30S subunit
Clinical use of tetracyclines
Tx Acne vulgaris
Vibrio choleraie, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Tularemia, H pylori, Borrelia, Rickettsia
VACUUM THe BR
Do not give if pregnant!
Avoid alcohol
MOA of chloramphenicol
bacteriostatic
inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase
Clinical use of chloramphenicol
Meningitis
Rickettsias
Toxicity and contraindications of chloramphenicol
Anemia
Hemolytic anemia
aplastic anemia
Gray baby syndrome
Crosses BBB
Clindamycin
Bacteriostatic
Blocks peptide bond formation of 50s subunit
Clinical use of clindamycin
Anaerobes above the diaphragm, gram + bugs
Tx bone and joint infections
Toxicity and contraindications of clindamycin
C. diff Hematological disorders Fever Diarrhea Cellulitis
Name all the macrolides
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
MOA of macrolides
Bacteriostatic
inhibits 50s subunit
Clinical use of macrolides
URI, pneumonia and STDs
Gram + cocci, chlamydia, neisseria, mycoplasma, legionella
conjuctivits from chlamydia
Toxicity and contraindications of macrolides
Safest antimicrobials prolonged QT GI distress Skin rashes eosinophilia Acute cholestatic hepatitis inreases serum theophylines
MOA of Linezolid
Bacteriostatic
inhibits 50s subunit
Clinical use of linezolid?
Healthcare associated pneumonia, S aureus pneumo, infections from MRSA and VRE
Toxicity and contraindications of and linezolid
Bone Marrow suppression
Avoid if on MOA inhibitors
Headache and GI upset
Reversible neurotoxicity
Name the Streptogramins
Quinupristin/dalfopristin
MOA of streptogramins
Bacteriostatic
inhibits 50s subunits
Clinical use of streptogramins
Life threatening bacteremia with VRE, enterococcus, complicated skin infections with S. aureus (VRSA)
Toxicity and contraindications of streptogramins
hyperbilirubinemia, injection site pain and inflammation, myalgia/arthralgia
IV administration only
A nasty medication
MOA of muciprocin
Bactercidal
inhibits tRNA synthetase
Clinical use of muciprocin
Gram + and gram - bacteria, used as topical tx for skin infections, MRSA, and methicillin resistant S pyogenes
Toxicity and contraindications of muciprocin
injection site pain and inflammation, should not be applied to large skin areas in patients with renal insufficiency
