Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

PenicillinG,V มีMOAอย่างไร และมีclinical useอย่างไร และSEอย่างไร

A
  • D-Ala-D-Ala structure analog. Block transpeptidase cross-linking
  • Mostly G+ve , N. Meningitidis, spirochetes
  • hypersensitivity, direct Coombs positive hemolytic anemia
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2
Q

Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins (amoxicillin,ampicillin,aminopenicillins)
มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A

-same as penicillin มัก+ calvulanic acidกันพวกมีbeta-lactamase
-H influenzae, H pyloli, E coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus mirabilus,
Salmonella, Shigella (HHELPSS)
-hypersensitivity, pseudomembranous colitis

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3
Q

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins(dicloxacillin,nafcillin,oxacillin)
มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A
  • same as penicillin
  • S aureus(except MRSA)
  • hypersensitivity
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4
Q
Antipseudomonal penicillins(piperacillin,ticarcillin)
มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร
A
  • same as penicillin
  • Pseudomonas spp. , G-ve
  • hypersensitivity
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5
Q

Calvulanic acid, Avibactam, Sulbactam, Tazobactam

ทำหน้าที่อะไร

A

เป็นBeta-lactamase inhibitors

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6
Q

Cephalosporins

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A

-beta-lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis, bactericidal
-1st gen;cefazolin,cephalexin:Proteus mirabilis,E coli,Klebsiella
2nd gen;cefoxitin,cefuroxime:H influenzae,Enterobacter,Neisseria,Serratia
Proteus mirabilis,E coli,Klebsiella
3rd gen;ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,cefpodoxime,ceftazidime:serious G-ve
ceftriaxone:meningitis,gonorrhea,Lyme disease
ceftazidime:psudomonas
4th gen;cefepime: pseudomonas
-hypersensitivity, disulfiram-like reaction,vitK deficiency,
increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides

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7
Q

Carbapenems(Doripenem,Imipenem,Meropemem,Ertapenem)(DIME)

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A

-bind to Penicillin-binding proteins inhbit bacterial cell wall
ต้องให้ร่วมกับ”cilastatin”(inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I)
-wide spectrum G+ve, G-ve, anaerobes
ให้ในlife-threatening infection
-GI distress, rash, CNS toxicity

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8
Q

Mononactams(aztreonam)

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A
  • binding to penicillin binding protein
  • G-ve rod only
  • GI upset
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9
Q

Vancomycin

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A

-inhibit cell wall peptidoglycan formation by binding D-Ala-D-Ala portion
bactericidal
-G+ve only เช่น MRSA, S epidermidis,Enterococcus,Clostidium difficile
-Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Thrombophlebitis (NOT),red man syndrome,
dress syndrome

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10
Q

Aminoglycoside
(gentamicin,neomycin,amikacin,tobramycin,streptomycin)
มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A
  • bactericidial, irreversible30s inhibitors
  • severe G-ve rod, synergistic with beta-lactam antibiotic
  • Nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular blockade, Ototoxicity,Teratogen
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11
Q

Tetracyclines(tetracycline,doxycyccline,minocycline)

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A

-bacteriostatic;bind30s and prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA,
divalent cations(Ca2+,Mg2+) inhibit drug , absorption in the gut
-Borrelia burgdorferi,M pneumoniae, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, MRSA
-GI distress, teeth discoloration, inhibit bone growth, photosensitivity
contraindicated in pregnancy

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12
Q

Chloramphenicol

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A
  • block peptidyltransferase at 50s subunit
  • H influenzae, N meningitidis, S pnemonia, Rickettsial
  • limited used due to toxicity;anemia,aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome
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13
Q

Clindamycin

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A

-block peptide transfer at 50s subunit
-anaerobic infection(Bacteroides,C perfingens), aspiration pneumonia
(anaerobe above the diaphragm)
-pseudomembranous colitis, fever, diarrhea

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14
Q

Macrolides(azithromycin,clarithomycin,erythromycin)

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A
  • inhibit protein synthesis by block translocation,bind 50s subunit
  • Atypical pneumonia, STIs, G+ve cocci, B pertussis
  • GI Motility issue, Arrhythmia, acute Cholestatic hepatitis, Rash, eOsinophilia
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15
Q

Polymyxins(colistin,polymyxin B)

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A
  • bind to phospholipid on cell membrane of G-ve bacteria
  • multidrug-resistant G-ve
  • nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity
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16
Q

Sulfonamides(sulfamethoxazole,sulfisoxazole,sulfadiazine)

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A
  • inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase
  • G+ve, G-ve, Norcardia
  • hemolysis if G6PD deficient, nephrotoxicity, photosensitivity, SJS
17
Q

Dapsone

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A
  • similar to sulfonamides
  • Leprosy
  • hemolytic if G6PD deficient, methemoglobinemia
18
Q

Trimethoprim

มีMOAอย่างไรและclinical useอย่างไรและSEอย่างไร

A

-inhibit bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
-UTIs, Shigella,Salmonella,Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia,
prophylaxis toxoplasmosis
-megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, folate deficient

19
Q

Fluoroquinolone
(ciprofloxacin,enoxacin,norfloxacin,ofloxacin,levofloxacin)
มีMOAอย่างไรและมีclinical useอย่างไรและมีSEอย่างไร

A
  • bactericidal, inhibit prokaryotic enzyme topoisomeraseII,IV
  • G-ve rod urinary, GI tracts
  • GI upset, skin rash, tendonitis, tendon rupture, contraindicated in pregnancy
20
Q

Metronidazole

มีMOAอย่างไรและมีclinical useอย่างไรและมีSEอย่างไร

A
  • bactericidal, forms toxic free radical
  • Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes
  • disulfiram-like reaction