Antimicrobials Flashcards
Beta-lactam antibiotics
Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins Penicillinase-resistant penicillins Antipseudomonal penicillins Cephalosporins Carbapenems Monobactams
Beta-lactam antibiotics have what type of structure
Four member beta-lactam ring
What other drug is given along with beta-lactam antibiotics
beta-lactamase inhibitors
Beta-lactams have strong activity against what type of bacteria?
Gram-positive like Staph and Strep
Mechanism of beta-lactam antibiotics
Prevent cell wall synthesis by blocking transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall.
Prototype beta-lactam antibiotics
Penicillin G and V
Target of Penicillinase
Cleave beta-lactam ring
Extended spectrum antibiotics that cause pseudomembranous colitis
Amoxicillin, ampicillin, aminopenicillin
Beta-lactamase resistant, broad-spectrum carbapenem
Imipenem
What drug is given with Imipenem and why?
Cilastatin decreases inactivation of Imipenem in renal tubules
What does cilastatin inhibit?
Dehydropeptidase I
What antibiotic is given prior to surgery to prevent Staph aureus infection
Cefazolin
First generation cephalosporins
Cefazolin and cephalexin
First generation cephalosporins cover what organisms
Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella (PEcK)
Organisms not typically covered by 1st - 4th generation cephalosporins?
Listeria, Atypicals, MRSA, Enterococci
Fifth generation cephalosporin
Ceftaroline
Fourth generation cephalosporin
Cefepime
Cephalosporins that can cross the BBB
3rd generation cephalosporins
Indication for cephalosporins
Serious gram negative infections resistant to other beta-lactams
Cephalosporin for gram negative infections with increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram positive organisms
4th generation cephalosporins
2nd generation cephalosporins
Cefaclor, Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime
Indications for 2nd generation cephalosporins
H influenzae, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Serratia, Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella (HENS PEcK)
What antibiotic inhibits bacterial topoisomerase II and IV
Fluoroquinolones
