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Step 1 Microbiology - First Aid 2017 > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotics

A 
Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins 
Penicillinase-resistant penicillins 
Antipseudomonal penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
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2
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotics have what type of structure

A

Four member beta-lactam ring

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3
Q

What other drug is given along with beta-lactam antibiotics

A

beta-lactamase inhibitors

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4
Q

Beta-lactams have strong activity against what type of bacteria?

A

Gram-positive like Staph and Strep

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5
Q

Mechanism of beta-lactam antibiotics

A

Prevent cell wall synthesis by blocking transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall.

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6
Q

Prototype beta-lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillin G and V

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7
Q

Target of Penicillinase

A

Cleave beta-lactam ring

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8
Q

Extended spectrum antibiotics that cause pseudomembranous colitis

A

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, aminopenicillin

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9
Q

Beta-lactamase resistant, broad-spectrum carbapenem

A

Imipenem

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10
Q

What drug is given with Imipenem and why?

A

Cilastatin decreases inactivation of Imipenem in renal tubules

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11
Q

What does cilastatin inhibit?

A

Dehydropeptidase I

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12
Q

What antibiotic is given prior to surgery to prevent Staph aureus infection

A

Cefazolin

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13
Q

First generation cephalosporins

A

Cefazolin and cephalexin

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14
Q

First generation cephalosporins cover what organisms

A

Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella (PEcK)

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15
Q

Organisms not typically covered by 1st - 4th generation cephalosporins?

A

Listeria, Atypicals, MRSA, Enterococci

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16
Q

Fifth generation cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline

17
Q

Fourth generation cephalosporin

A

Cefepime

18
Q

Cephalosporins that can cross the BBB

A

3rd generation cephalosporins

19
Q

Indication for cephalosporins

A

Serious gram negative infections resistant to other beta-lactams

20
Q

Cephalosporin for gram negative infections with increased activity against Pseudomonas and gram positive organisms

A

4th generation cephalosporins

21
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins

A

Cefaclor, Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime

22
Q

Indications for 2nd generation cephalosporins

A

H influenzae, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Serratia, Proteus, E coli, Klebsiella (HENS PEcK)

23
Q

What antibiotic inhibits bacterial topoisomerase II and IV

A

Fluoroquinolones

Step 1 Microbiology - First Aid 2017 (7 decks)

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