Antimicrobials 3

Question 1

These classes all Inhibit/Alter Protein synthesis

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides
Lincosamides
Macrolides
Oxazolidinones
Streptogramins
Tetracyclines
Glycylcyline
Fluoroquinolones
Cyclic Lipopeptides
Sulfonamides
Metronidazole

Question 2

Class: Aminoglycosides

Answer 2

gentamycin
amikacin
tobramycin

Question 3

Aminoglycosides: MOA

Answer 3

Gram (-) POTENT
Also Gram (+) but needs other drugs for synergism

Inhibits bacterial ribosomes

Question 4

Aminoglycosides: Indication

Answer 4

Complicated Infections

Question 5

Aminoglycosides: SE

Answer 5

Nephrotoxicity: 5-25% (reversible)
Ototoxicity: 3-14% (permanent)

Require therapeutic drug monitoring (3x a day then 1x day)

Question 6

Gentamycin: Cautions

Answer 6

1. Neuromuscular Blockade (respiratory distress)
2. CNS issues (depression, confusion, numbness)
3. Cochlear Damage (ototoxicity, high-freq hearing loss, tinnitus)

Question 7

Amikacin: Indication

Answer 7

IV ONLY

-Used when bacteria is resistant to other aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin)

Question 8

Gentamycin: Routes

Answer 8

IV
Intrathecal for Meningitis
-Eye drops
-Topical

Question 9

Tobramycin is used mostly in what form?

Answer 9

Inhalation! for pulmonary infections (CYSTIC FIBROSIS)

Question 10

Lincosamides

Answer 10

clindamycin

Question 11

is Clindamycin bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 11

Both depending on concentration

Question 12

Clindamycin’s Primary use

Answer 12

Pseudomembranous Colitis

Question 13

Is clindamycin toxic?

Answer 13

VERY (monitor levels)

-monitor with neuromuscular blockades

Question 14

Other uses for Clindamycin

Answer 14

Chronic bone infections
GU 
intrabdominal
aerobic PNA
septicemia 
PROPHYLAXIS (endocarditis)

Question 15

Are macrolides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

Answer 15

Both, Bactericidal in HIGH concentrations

Question 16

Indication for Macrolides?

Answer 16

Respiratory Infections (legionnaire's disease, micoplasma PNA, listeria)
STIs, skin infections

Question 17

Has hypomotility benefits for diabetic gastroparesis & increases gastric motility and emptying

Answer 17

erythromycin

Question 18

Erythromycin: Route

Answer 18

PO + IV

• IV is painful
• Oral doesn’t absorb well

DO NOT take on empty stomach!

Lots of drug interactions

Question 19

Does erythromycin cross the BBB?

Answer 19

NO

Question 20

Azithromycin structure

Answer 20

Differs structurally from other macrolides

-has some other coverage compared to erythromycin

Question 21

Azithromycin Nursing

Answer 21

Take without food (decreases absorption)

Question 22

Macrolide with very good tissue penetration and long duration

Answer 22

Azithromycin

Question 23

Oxazolidinones

Answer 23

linezolid

Question 24

linezolid

Answer 24

Inhibits protein synthesis through non-selective monoamine oxidase (MOA) inhibitor

Question 25

linezolid: Indic

Answer 25

Healthcare associated Pneumonias + infections

Question 26

linezolid: SE

Answer 26

Platelet count (thrombocytopenia)

Can Cause serotonin syndrome with SSRIs

AVOID Tyramine

Question 27

Streptogramins

Answer 27

quinpristin/dafopristin

IV ONLY

Question 28

quinupristin/dafopristin: indic

Answer 28

Serious life threatening Infections caused by VRE and MRSA

Question 29

Bacteriostatic alone but 16x more potent with dapopristin

Answer 29

quinpristin

Question 30

Inflammation at IV site in 75% of patients

Answer 30

quinpristin/dafopristin