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326 PNCs > Antimicrobials 2 > Flashcards

Antimicrobials 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalosporins MOA

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis through PCN binding protein

-same as PCN

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2
Q

Often resistant to beta-lactamase

A

Cephalosporins

-contain Cephalosporinase

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3
Q

If you are allergic (anaphylaxis) to PCNs you are also allergic to?

A

Cephalosporins

-They have LOW toxicity though

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4
Q

5 generations of Cephalosporins increase

A
  1. spectrum of activity

2. ability to cross CSF BBB

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5
Q

AE: Cephalosporins

A 
Mild diarrhea
abdominal cramps
rash
pruritis
reness
edema
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6
Q

Pregnancy category B

A

Cephalosporins

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7
Q

Cephalosporins have poor….

A

Oral absorption 10/18 are oral

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8
Q

1st gen ceph

A

Cefazolin + Cephalexin

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9
Q

cefazolin route

A

IV only (1st gen)

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10
Q

Common for surgical prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin (1st gen)

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11
Q

2nd Gen ceph

A

Cefuroxime + Cefotetan

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12
Q

Cefazolin + Cephalexin: Indication

A

Gram +, staph and non-enterococcal strep

1st gen

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13
Q

Does not kill anaerobic bacteria

A

Cefuroxime
-NO to BBB or CSF
(2nd gen)

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14
Q

3rd Gen Ceph

A

Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
Cefotaxime
(3rd gen)

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15
Q

More potent in gram (-)

Much less effective against gram (+)

A

3rd Gen
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
Cefotaxime

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16
Q

Route: Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
Cefotaxime

A

IV/IM

3rd gen

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17
Q

Extremely long-acting (once per day dosing)

-Able to cross BBB and can treat Meningitis and other CNS infections

A

Ceftriaxone

3rd gen

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18
Q

This Cephalosporin can treat pseudomonas

A

Ceftazidime

3rd gen

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19
Q

Ceftriaxone cannot be given to

A

Liver Failure Patients

3rd gen

20
Q

4th Gen Ceph

A

Cefepime

21
Q

What is good about Cefepime?

A

Works well against gram (+) and (-) VERY BROAD SPECTRUM

4th gen

22
Q

Can Cefepime cross the BBB?

A

Yes

4th gen

23
Q

5th Gen Ceph

A

Ceftaroline

24
Q

Ceftaroline should be dosed how?

A

Renally

25
Q

Ceftaroline: Route

A

IV only

5th gen

26
Q

Ceftaroline: Indication

A

Nasty Staff Infections!
MRSA
MSSA
VRSA/VISA

(5th gen)

27
Q

Class: Carbapenems drugs

A

Imipenem/Cilastin

Meropenem

28
Q

Carbapenems: Indication

A

LAST RESORT

-Broadest spectrum of ALL antibiotics

29
Q

Bactericidal + cell wall inhibitor (same as ceph + PCNs)

A

Carbapenems

30
Q

Carbapenems: Route

A

All IV only (given over 60mins)

31
Q

Imipenem/Cilastin

A

MOST broad specrtum

-watch for seizure and with other meds that induce seizure (elderly + Hx of seizure)

32
Q

Imipenem/Cilastin: Indication

A

Complicated Infections

33
Q

Meropenem: Indication

A

Less coverage than imipenem but still gram (+) (-), aerobes + anarobes

34
Q

SE + Fact about Meropenem

A

Doesn’t degrade in the kidneys

-Rash + diarrhea

35
Q

CRE

A

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

  • 50% mortality rate
  • Healthcare acquired infection
36
Q

Glycopeptide Class

A

Vancomycin

37
Q

Produces immediate inhibition of cell wall synthesis + death

A

Vancomycin

38
Q

Treats MRSA + PCN resistant pneumonia

A

Vancomycin

39
Q

Vancomycin: Indications

A

ORAL (Gram +)

  • C. Diff
  • Pseudomembranous Colitis
  • IV reserved for SERIOUS infections
40
Q

Can Vancomycin treat CNS infections?

A

No (doesn’t pass BBB)

41
Q

Common syndrome related to Vancomycin

A

Red Man Syndrome
-related to rapid infusion
(flushing, pruritis, urticaria, tachy, hypotension)

42
Q

SE of Vancomycin

A

TOXIC EFFECTS

  • Ototoxicity (reversible)
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Nephrotoxic (watch with cyclospoins, IV contrast, aminoglycosides)
  • Neuromuscular blockades (paralysis)
43
Q

Monobactam Class

A

Aztreonam

only member

44
Q

Aztreonam: Indication

A

Gram (-) bacteria

45
Q

Aztreonam facts

A

Route: IV/IM
-can pass BBB

SE: thrombophlebitis (pain at injection site)

46
Q

Televancin: Indication

A

Gram (+) skin infections (MRSA)

SE: prolonged QT intervals
RENAL TOXICITY

326 PNCs (5 decks)

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