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FA Pharmacology > Antimicrobial Selection and Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Selection and Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

What do you need to know about an antibiotic for selection?

A

Drug Class, Method of Action, Spectrum of Activity, Static or Cidal and Unique

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2
Q

What are the classes of antibiotics?

A

B-lactam, Phenicols, Flurquinolone, Macrolides, Sulfas, Tetracyclines

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3
Q

What is a time dependent antibiotic?

A

Needs to be above MIC for more than 75% of the dosing interval

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4
Q

What is a concentration dependent antibiotic?

A

Dose not required to be levels above MIC for most of period, need certain concentration

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5
Q

What is the difference between a static and cidal drug?

A

Static - stops growth (Sulfa, tetracyclines, phenicols, macrolide)

Cidal - kills bacteria (Beta lactams and fluroquinolones)

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6
Q

How does route of administration effect a drug?

A

IM/SQ more steady
IV need many administrations (level varies)

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Beta Lactams?

A

Cell Wall Inhibitors - cripple production of bacterial cell wall that protects the cell from external environment

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8
Q

What is an example of a bacteria you shouldn’t use a beta lactam on?

A

Mycoplasma (no cell wall)

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9
Q

What are the two big categories of beta lactams?

A

Penicillin and Cephalosporins

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10
Q

What is the spectrum on Penicillin’s?

A

Gram positive and some anaerobes

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11
Q

What are some indications for using penicillin?

A

Systemic metritis, foot rot, anaerobic infection, mastitis

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12
Q

What dose of penicillin should be given?

A

Procaine - 3.5cc/100lbs

Penicillin G - 5cc/100lbs

Always ELDU (1cc not effective)

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13
Q

What is the withdraw on penicillin?

A

Procaine and Penicillin G: Unknown in milk (must test for it) and 30 days slaughter

Ampicillin - 48 hour milk and 7 day meat (more commonly used in dairy)

*Most trucks tested for beta lactams (very sensitive)

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14
Q

What is important to remember about the use of cephalosporins?

A

Must be according to label (off label illegal) - unless minor species

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15
Q

What spectrum are cephalosporins?

A

Gram negative and some gram positive

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16
Q

What are some examples of cephalosporins?

A

Naxel, Excenel and Excede

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17
Q

What are indications for Naxel/Excenel and Excede?

A

Naxel and Excenel: BRDC, Metritis, Foot Rot, Calf Scours and Salmonella

Excede: Respiratory and Metritis

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18
Q

What are their claims to fame?

A

No milk withdrawl

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19
Q

What should you warn your client about when prescribing Excenel vs Excede?

A

Excede - 13 day meat withdrawl - also administer in ear

Excenel - 4 day meat withdraw

RESIDUE COMMON

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action for phenicol drugs?

A

Protein Synthesis - Interfere with protein synthesis by binding to the machinery that builds proteins, amino acids

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21
Q

What spectrum of activity are the phenicol’s?

A

Gram -/+

22
Q

What are some drugs that are phenicols?

A

Nuflor and Resflor

23
Q

What are these drugs labeled for?

A

BRDC, Metaphylaxis, Brain Infection, Diphtheria, Foot Rot

24
Q

Should you use nuflor in a lactating dairy cow?

A

NO

25
Q

What phenicol drug is illegal to use in FA?

A

Chloramphenicol

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action for macrolides?

A

Protein Synthesis interference

27
Q

What are some examples of macrolides?

A

Tilmicosin, Tylosin, Tuluthramycin, Gamithromycn, Tildiporosin

Micotil, Tylan, Draxin, Zactram and Zupervo

28
Q

What is the specturm of each?

A

Tilmiccosin (Micotil) - Pasturella - BRDC, Metaphylaxis

Tylosin (tylan) - gram + - foot rot and diptheria

Tuluthramycin- Draxin - BRDC, Metaphylaxis

Gamithromycin- zactran - M.Hemo - BRDC, Metaphyaxis

Zupero - M. Hemo - BRDC, Metaphylaxis

29
Q

What is one of the most popular drugs in this class?

A

Daxin - dart

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetracylines?

A

Protein Synthesis

31
Q

What are some examples of tetracylines?

A

Oxytet (LA 200-300), Tetracycline

32
Q

What is the spectrum for tetracyclines?

A

Gram +/-

33
Q

What are most tetracylines indications label?

A

Foot rot, pink eye, coliform mastitis

Foot bath and metritis for tetracycline

34
Q

What is the most common drug used by producers?

A

Oxytetracycline

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sulfa drugs?

A

Metabolic Process - prevent synthesize folic acid bacteria need to survive

36
Q

What is the spectrum for sulfa drugs?

A

Gram + and coccidia

37
Q

What are indications for a sulfa drug?

A

Foot rot, coccidia and calf scours

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?

A

Block genetic replication by interfering with DNA and RNA synthesis

39
Q

What are some examples of fluoroquinolones?

A

Enrofloxacin, Danofloxacin and pradofloxacin

40
Q

What spectrum of activity are they?

A

Gram negative

41
Q

What indications are fluroqinolones labeled for?

A

Respiratory, BRDC and Metaphylaxis

42
Q

Are these legal in dairy?

A

NO

43
Q

Can you use ELDU with fluoroquinolones?

A

No

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminocytosols?

A

Protein Synthesis

45
Q

What is an example of a drug in this class?

A

Spectomycin

46
Q

What is the spectrum for aminocytosols?

A

Gram -

47
Q

What are indication for aminocytosols?

A

BRDC

48
Q

When administering Nuflour IV how should you give it?

A

Slowly

49
Q

If you stick yourself with Micotyl what happens?

A

Die - no give kid and old people

50
Q

Why should you avoid draxin in dairy cow unless at dry off?

A

Stays in udder long time

51
Q

What do you use powder tetracycline for?

A

Heel Warts

52
Q

What drug would you use for mycoplamsa?

A

Draxin or Fluroquinolone

FA Pharmacology (16 decks)

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