Antimicrobial Drugs2017Guide Flashcards
Which medication should be avoided as administration often increases the risk of the patient developing Hospital-acquired infections such as Clostridium Difficile and MRSA?
IV Cephalosporins should be avoided as it increases the risk of patients developing HAI, such as C. Diff and MRSA.
When are doctors advised to transfer from a parenteral to an oral regimen for patients with infection like pneumonia?
Transfer from parenteral to oral regimen once patient shows clinical improvement and is afebrile for over a period of 24 hours.
Why is it important to avoid switching from IV to oral preparation with the same antibiotic?
It increases the risk of patient developing a HAI.
Which drugs does Clarithromycin interacts with?
Warfarin, Oral contraceptives and statins. Discontinue statins for the duration of Clarithromycin use.
What the first line antibiotic for tonsillitis and pharyngitis?
Phenoxymethylpenicillin 500MG QDS PO for 10/7
In pharyngitis, presence of vesicles and ulceration may suggest?
Suggest a viral cause. Hence, instead of antibiotics, Aciclovir 200MG five times daily for 5 days may be more useful for Herpes simplex virus infection.
What is the first line medication for Acute sinusitis and acute otitis media? What is the alternative?
Amoxicillin 500MG TDS for 7/7.
Alternatively, Clarithromycin 500MG BD PO for 7/7.
What medication is indicated if it is recurrent acute sinusitis or otitis media?
Co-amoxiclav
What medication is indicated in oral candidiasis?
Oral fluconazole 50MG OD for 7/7
For Pneumonia of CURB65 score 0-1, what treatment is indicated for elderly patients and those with pre-existing lung diseases?
Amoxicillin 500MG TDS PO and Doxycycline 100MG BD PO
If a patient with pneumonia has previously been MRSA positive, which medication should be used?
Doxycycline 100MG BD PO, rather than Amoxicillin and/or Clarithromycin.
What is the treatment regime for patients with severe pneumonia and are allergic to penicillin?
What is the treatment once patient’s condition has improved and has been afebrile for >24 hours?
Levofloxacin 500MG BD IV alone.
De-escalate to Doxycycline 100MG BD PO.
What medications are added to patients with severe Hospital-acquired pneumonia and are tested positive to MRSA?
In addition to Pipercillin/Tazobactam 4.5G TDS IV,
add IV Vancomycin or IV Teicoplanin.
What are the 3 most likely bacterial causes of acute exacerbation of COPD?
Haemophilus Influenza, Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis
What is the preferred treatment for acute exacerbation of COPD?
Amoxicillin 500MG TDS PO
