antimicrobial chemotherapy

Question 1

explain terms MIC and MBC

Answer 1

minimum inhibitory conc - lowest conc of antimicrobial that will inhibit visible growth of microorganism after overnight incubation
minimum bactericidal conc - lowest conc of antimicrobial that will prevent growth of organism

Question 2

sensitive v resistant

Answer 2

resistant - bacteria grow even if drug is present , therefore ineffective sensitive - bacteria do not grow if drug is present , therefore effective

Question 3

bactericidal v bacteriostatic

Answer 3

bacteriostatic = agent prevents growth of bacteria 
bactericidal = kills bacteria

Question 4

synergy v antagonism

Answer 4

synergistic = effect is greater than sum of individual components 
antagonistic = sum of effects is less than sum predicted

Question 5

MOA of aminoglycosides

Question 6

spectrum of action of commonly used drugs in 3 categories

Answer 6

inhibition of cell wall synthesis
inhibition of protein synthesis
inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 7

clinically significant resistance mechanism for particular groups of drugs

Answer 7

limiting uptake of drug
modification of drug target
inactivation of drug
active efflux of drug

Question 8

list factors to be considered in choosing suitable antimicrobial agents to prevent / treat infection

Answer 8

renal/hepatic function
age
genetic variation
pregnancy
allergy history/intolerance
recent antimicrobial use history

Question 9

list side effects commonly associated with major groups of drugs

Question 10

explain role of laboratory in influencing antimicrobial usage in clinical practice