Antimicrobial

Question 1

What is difference between gram positive organisms and gram negative?

Answer 1

Positive: many layers of peptidoglycan w/ penicillan and beta lactamase: enzymes that inactivate drugs (BAD)

Negative: 2 membranes separated by periplasmic space. Inside is beta lactamase outside is channels drug can answer

Gram neg is more difficult to treat.

Question 2

Major side effect of Antimicrobials

Answer 2

C-diff

Question 3

What do bacterial cell wall inhibitors do?

Answer 3

Inhibit linking of peptides and prevent linking of structural component of cell well

Question 4

What does inhibitors of cell membrane do?

Answer 4

Destroy cell membrane to allow escape of nutrients

Question 5

What is Fx of inhibtitors of DNA/RNA synthesis

Answer 5

Fluoroquinolones: inhibit DNA gryase enzyme that prevents relaxation of DNA (used for gram neg)

Sulfonamides: interfere w production of folate that produces purine and DNA

Question 6

Indications for vancomyoci

Answer 6

Resistant Strep
Staph
C-diff
DOC for methicillin resistant staph (MRSA)

Question 7

What is mrsa?

Answer 7

Spread through direct contact.. lives for 70 days.

Methicillin resistant Staph aureus

Question 8

What are side effects of Fluoroquinolones

Answer 8

Cystic lesion in articular cartilage
Tendon Rupture
Long Q-T Interval

Question 9

HIV Life cycle

Answer 9

Fusion on virus to receptor
Surface glycoprotein binds to Tcell/ Macrophage/ Dendrite
Expose RNA
Viral RNA becomes Viral DNA via reverse transcriptase
Productions for Viral Protein. Via translation
Protease enzymes break down protein and assembles with RNA making new virons.
New release of HIV

Question 10

What are Major drugs for HIV?

Answer 10

Fusion inhibitors
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors

Question 11

Role of beta lactamase inhibitors

Answer 11

Block Beta lactamase enzymes that attack our drugs.