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Top Drawer > Antihypertensives/Beta Blockers > Flashcards

Antihypertensives/Beta Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

labetalol nonselective β-1 effects

A

decreases HR and contractiliity

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2
Q

labetalol nonselective β-2 effects

A

vasodilation

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3
Q

where is labetalol selective

A

α-1 adrenergic agoist

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4
Q

what does labetalol cause at α-1 receptors

A

arterial vasodilation

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5
Q

labetalol blockade ratio

A

1 α to 7 β

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6
Q

labetalol uses

A

acute and chronic HTN in pregnant pts, treat increases in BP and HR from stimulation (intubation)

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7
Q

how does labetalol cause ↓ BP

A

decreased CO and PVR, can depress cardiac contractility, minimally affects CBP or ICP

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8
Q

when is labetalol contraindicated

A

bronchospastic disease → impaired cardiac conduction or underlying resting bradycardia

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9
Q

labetalol dose

A

5-20 mg boluses IV

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10
Q

labetalol onset

A

1-2 min

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11
Q

labetalol duration

A

up to 6 hrs

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12
Q

esmolol mechanism of action

A

Rapid-onset and short-acting selective Beta-1 antagonist

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13
Q

esmolol uses

A

treat perioperative tachycardia, pre-treatment during intubation/extubation

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14
Q

esmolol ♡ effects

A

Decrease in HR, myocardial contractility, CO , and some decrease in BP, with no rebound effects

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15
Q

when is esmolol contraindicated

A

bradycardia
heart block
cardiogenic shock
heart failure

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16
Q

esmolol dose

A

10mg boluses IV
infusions of 50 mcq/kg/min after a .5mg/kg bolus

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17
Q

esmolol onset and duration

A

rapid onset; 10-15 min duration

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18
Q

how is esmolol metabolized

A

by plasma esterases

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19
Q

propranolol class

A

non selective β-1 and β-2 antagonist

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20
Q

propranolol uses

A

HTN, angina, acute MI, pheochromocytoma, treat anxiety and panic attacks

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21
Q

how does propranolol work

A

Decreases BP due to decrease in myocardial contractility, HR, CO therefore decrease in myocardial oxygen demand

22
Q

propranolol cautions in

A

bronchospastic disease, AV block, and bradycardia

23
Q

propranolol dose

A

1-3 mg IV (no more than 1 mg/min), titrated to effect

24
Q

propranolol onset

A

2-3 min

25
Q

propranolol duration

A

4-6 hours

26
Q

metoprolol class

A

selective β-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist

27
Q

metoprolol mechanism of action

A

prevents inotropic and chronotropic responses to β- stimulation

28
Q

metoprolol uses

A

rapid HR and contractility control, CO and therefore decrease BP, treatment for MI

29
Q

metoprolol dose

A

1-5 mg IV up to 15 mg

30
Q

metoprolol half life

A

3-4 hours

31
Q

vasopressin is also known as

A

antidiuretic hormone

32
Q

where is vasopressin released in the body

A

the posterior pituitary

33
Q

vasopressin receptors and effects

A

V1- CV effects
V2- renal
V3- pituitary receptors

34
Q

vasopressin uses

A

cardiac arrest (removed from ACLS algorithm), sepsis, shock and hypotension secondary to ACE inhibitors refractory to catecholamines or sympathomimetics

35
Q

vasopressin dose

A

mix I0/20 units/ml in a 10/20 ml syringe to get 1 unit/mL concentration

36
Q

vasopressin dose

A

1-2 unit bolus

37
Q

vasopressin is a ____________

A

potent vasoconstrictor (arterial and mesenteric)

38
Q

hydralazine mechanism of action

A

direct systemic arterial vasodilator

39
Q

how does hydralazine work

A

causes relaxation of arterial smooth muscle; blocks calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum; decreases BP with increase in HR, SV, and cardiac output

40
Q

hydralazine uses

A

HTN, heart failure, eclampsia

41
Q

hydralazine can cause

A

increased ICP

42
Q

when is hydralazine contraindicated

A

in coronary artery disease

43
Q

hydralazine dose

A

2.5-5 mg IV titrated q 20-30 min

44
Q

hydralazine onset

A

15-30 min

45
Q

hydralazine duration

A

4-6 hrs

46
Q

which drug is contraindicated in bronchospastic disease?

A

labetalol

47
Q

which drug is used to treat pheochromocytoma?

A

propanolol

48
Q

which drug should be used carefully in bronchospastic disease?

A

propanolol

49
Q

which drug can be used for hypotension secondary to ACE inhibitors refractory to catecholamines or sympathomimetics?

A

vasopressin

50
Q

which drug decreases blood pressure with an increase in HR

A

hydralazine

51
Q

which drug is contraindicated in CAD

A

hydralazine

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