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AUA CVS Pharm > Antihypertensive > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that decrease mortality from heart disease?

A

BB
ACEI
Thiazide Diuretics

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2
Q

Stage 1 Hypertensive

A

Thiazide Diuretic

or ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB

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3
Q

Stage 2 Hypertensive

A

Thiazide Diuretic + ACEI

or Thiazide diuretics + ARB + BB + CCB

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4
Q

Prehypertension

A

No drugs

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5
Q

Hypertension + Angina Pectoris

A

BB or CCB

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6
Q

Hypertension + BPH

A

Alpha Blocker

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7
Q

Hypertension + Diabetes

A

ACEI or ARB

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8
Q

Hypertension + Heart failure

A

ACEI, ARB, BB, Spironolactone

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9
Q

Hypertension + after MI

A

BB

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10
Q

Hypertension + hyperlipidemia

A

Alpha blocker or CCB

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11
Q

Pregnant with Pre-eclampsia

A

Labetalol

or Hydralazine, nifedipine, nitroglycerin

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12
Q

Thiazide diuretics MOA

A

Inhibit Na/Cl cotransport

excretion of: Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg2+,HCO3-
retention: Ca2+, uric acid

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13
Q

Thiazide diuretics side effects

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesia
hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia
Metabolic alkalosis

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14
Q

Another Thiazide diuretic side effect other than ion

A

increase plasma cholesterol and TGs

except indapamide

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15
Q

chlorothiazide

A

Thiazide Diuretic

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16
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide Diuretic

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17
Q

chlorthalidone

A

Thiazide Diuretic

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18
Q

Indapamide

A

Thiazide Diuretic

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19
Q

Metolazone

A

Thiazide Diuretic

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20
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop Diuretic

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21
Q

Bumetanide

A

Loop Diuretic

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22
Q

Torsemide

A

Loop Diuretic

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23
Q

Ethacrynic acid

A

Loop Diuretic

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24
Q

Loop diuretic MOA

A

Inhibit Na+/K+ dichloride co transport

excretion of: Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg2+,HCO3-, Ca2+

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25
Q

Loop diuretic side effect

A

hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesia
hypocalcemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Ototoxicity

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26
Q

Loop diuretic drug interaction

A

with aminoglycosides

increased risk of ototoxicity

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27
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic Diuretic

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28
Q

Urea

A

Osmotic Diuretic

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29
Q

Osmotic Diuretic MOA

A

Inhibit reabsorption of water and electrolytes in Proximal tubule

increase osmotic pressure in PT

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30
Q

Osmotic Diuretic side effect

A

increased ICP
increased intraocular pressure
acute renal failure

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31
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA

A

Increase excretion of Na+, K+, HCO3

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32
Q

Actelazolamide

A

Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor

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33
Q

Dorzolamide

A

Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor

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34
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor side effects

A

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

hypokalemia

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35
Q

Spironolactone

A

K+ sparing diuretic

Aldosterone Antagonist

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36
Q

Amiloride

Triamterene

A

K+ sparing diuretic

Block Na+ reabsorption

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37
Q

K+ sparing diuretic side effects

A

Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis

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38
Q

Special spironolactone side effects

A

decrease libido

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39
Q

Special triamterene side effects

A

nephrolithiasis

40
Q

What else can spironolactone treat?

A

hirsutism

41
Q

What can Amiloride be used for?

A

to treat nephrogenic DI caused by lithium

42
Q

-pril drugs

A

ACEI

43
Q

suffix of ACEI

A

-pril drugs

44
Q

side effect of ACEI

A

Dry cough

45
Q

when to use enalapril?

A

iv for hypertensive emergency

46
Q

ACEI Side effects

A

hyperkalemia, acute renal failure

47
Q

ACEI contraindication

A

pregnancy: 2/3 trimester
fetopathy: oligohydramnios, IUGR, hypocalvaria, renal failure

48
Q

Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers (ARB)

A

-sartan drugs

49
Q

ARB side effect opposite to ACEI

A

no dry cough

50
Q

ARB contraindication

A

pregnancy

51
Q

ARB side effects

A

acute renal failure

52
Q

ARB MOA

A

Block AT-1 RECEPTORS

Reduce vasoconstriction

53
Q

-olol drugs

A

BB (b1)

54
Q

Nebivolol

A

selective B1 with antioxidant

55
Q

Carvedilol

A

alpha + beta blocker

56
Q

Labetalol

A

selective alpha, nonselective Beta blocker

57
Q

BB indication

A

anxiety
migraine headaches
tachyarrhythmia
coronary artery disease

58
Q

BB contraindications

A

asthma

heart block

59
Q

BB adverse effects

A

bronchospasm
fatigue
glucose intolerance

60
Q

BB caution

A

hypoglycaemia

abrupt withdrawal = hypertension

61
Q

CCB

A

-DIPINE drugs

62
Q

Diltiazem

A

CCB

63
Q

Verapamil

A

CCB

64
Q

-dipine drugs work on?

A

vascular tissue

65
Q

other CCB drugs work on?

A

heart

66
Q

CCB MOA

A

block L-type Ca2+ channel

67
Q

CCB side effects

A

-dipine: flushing, reflex tachycardia, ankle edema

other CCB: decrease contractility, av block

68
Q

Nimodipine use

A

acute subarachnoid hemorrhage

69
Q

CCB indication

A

angina pectoris
peripheral vascular disease
tachyarrhythmia

70
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist

71
Q

Clonidine side effects

A

edema

rebound hypertension wth sudden withdrawal

72
Q

alpha methyl dopa

A

alpha 2 agonist

used in pregnancy and renal dysfunction

73
Q

Alpha methyl dopa side effects

A

+ve coombs test

hemolytic anemia

74
Q

Guanethidine

A

Adrenergic neuronal blocking drugs

75
Q

Guanethidine MOA

A

Inhibit release of NE

76
Q

Guanethidine Side effects

A

fluid retention

77
Q

Guanethidine contraindication

A

Antidepressant

78
Q

Reserpine

A

Adrenergic neuronal blocking drugs

79
Q

Reserpine MOA

A

destroys storage vesicles

depletes NE, DA and serotonin

80
Q

Reserpine Side effect

A

Psychotic depression and suicide

81
Q

-zocin

A

Alpha blockers

82
Q

alpha blocker use

A

BPH and lower BP

83
Q

Alpha blocker side effect

A

1st dose syncope
orthostatic hypertension
urinary incontinence

84
Q

hydralazine MOA

A

relax arteriolar smooth muscle

85
Q

Hydralazine side effects

A

reflex tachycardia
palpitation
SLE like syndrome
hemolytic anemia

86
Q

sodium nitroprusside MOA

A

dilate resistance and capacitance vessels

87
Q

sodium nitroprusside side effects

A

cyanide and thiocyanate retention

88
Q

sodium nitroprusside use

A

treatment for hypertensive crisis (IV)

89
Q

Minoxidil MOA

A

after salvation activate K+ channels

90
Q

Minoxidil side effects

A

hypertrichosis

91
Q

Diazoxide MOA

A

activate K+ channels to relax smooth muscle

92
Q

Diazoxide side effects

A

hyperglycaemia (decrease insulin release)

hypertrichosis

93
Q

Diazoxide use

A

treat hypertensive emergencies (IV)

Treat insulinoma

94
Q

Fenoldopam MOA

A

D1 agonist

95
Q

Fenoldopam side effects

A

Headache

Nausea

96
Q

Other action of ACEI

A

reduce preload and after load

AUA CVS Pharm (5 decks)

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