Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology Exam I > Antigen Presentation > Flashcards

Antigen Presentation Flashcards

1
Q

What cells are constantly inspecting the fragments presented by MHC I complexes?

A

Killer T cells (Cytotoxic lymphocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____ cells inspect which sends the “don’t kill” signal if a cell is normal.

A

NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can MHC I present on the cell surface?

A

Enzymes, Structural Proteins, Proteins encoded by viruses and parasite proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Almost every cell in the body expresses ______ molecules.

A

MHC I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most protein fragments are further broken down into singular ______ _____ for reuse.

A

Amino Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Some peptides are brought to the ________ ________ where they are attached to MHC I molecules.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many MHC I genes are there?

A

Six; three from mom and three from dad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the genes for MHC I?

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What chromosome are the MHC I genes located on?

A

Chromosome 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The variability of MHC I molecules allows them to bind to many different kinds of _________.

A

Peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: MHC I molecules have a groove in which a peptide must fit.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How long are most peptides bound to MHC I molecules?

A

8-11 amino acids long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the special protein called that protects the binding area of the MHC II?

A

Invariant Chain Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the four types of antigen presenting cells?

A
  1. ) Activated Dendritic Cells
  2. ) Activated Macrophages
  3. ) Activated B Cells
  4. ) Activated Neutrophils (newly discovered)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the invariant chain?

A

Stop other proteins from binding to the MHC II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of groove exists on the MHC II?

A

Open groove

17
Q

Most peptides bound to MHC II molecules are how long?

A

13-25 amino acids long

18
Q

What happens to the ends of the peptide on a MHC II molecule?

A

They hang over the edges freely.

19
Q

How do dendritic cells initiate the immune response?

A

They activate virgin T cells

20
Q

What are resting dendritic cells constantly doing?

A

Sampling the environment (take in and spit back out)

21
Q

What co-stimulator do dendritic cells express?

A

B7

22
Q

Is a resting dendritic cell a really good antigen presenting cell?

A

Not really, especially to virgin T cells that require extensive receptor crosslinking and co-stimulation.

23
Q

What activates dendritic cells?

A
  1. ) Chemical signals from cells engaged in battle (TNF and dying cells)
  2. ) Recognition of common molecular patterns (each receptor can identify many different pathogens)
24
Q

What are the most common pattern recognition receptors?

A

Toll Like Receptors

25
Q

Where are TLR located?

A

On the cell’s surface and the inside of the cell.

26
Q

How do ADCs leave the battle ground?

A

Leaves area through lymphatic system to the nearest lymph node.

27
Q

Prior to leaving the battle ground, ADCs make cytokines that attract ________ into the area, which become dendritic cells and carry new pictures of the battle to the lymph nodes.

A

Monocytes

28
Q

Do activated dendritic cells kill pathogens?

A

No, they get others to do the killing

29
Q

Where are activated macrophages located?

A

Areas of the body exposed to the outside world. Don’t travel like ADCs.

30
Q

Function of activated macrophages?

A

Garbage collectors, Antigen presenting cells, ferocious killers

31
Q

Macrophages only express enough MHC and co-stimulatory molecules to function as APCs after what two events?

A
  1. ) Activaton of battle cytokines

2. ) Recognizing patterns (TLR)

32
Q

What effect do macrophages have on T cells?

A

Function to re-stimulate T cells (already activated by dendritic cells but experienced T cells need to be constantly re-stimulated)

33
Q

T/F Virgin B cells make little MHC II and little B7

A

True

34
Q

How are virgin B cells activated?

A

By meeting their cognate antigen

35
Q

What are experienced activated B cells able to do?

A
  1. ) Present antigens for helper T cells

2. ) Concentrate antigen for presentation (displaying both MHC II with antigen and BCR with antigen)

36
Q

T/F: T cells need a threshold number of cross-linked TCRs and MHC IIs to be activated.

A

True

37
Q

T/F: BCR have a low affinity for their antigen in activated B cells.

A

False, they have a very high affinity for their antigen.

38
Q

How fast can an activated B cell capture an antigen and present it on the cell surface on a MHC II complex?

A

30 minutes, very fast

39
Q

T/F: Activated B cells have 100-10,000 fold ability to activate T cells over other APCs?

A

True

Immunology Exam I (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions