Antifungal Intro

Question 1

Different forms of fungi

Answer 1

– Yeasts 
• Malassezia, Candida spp. 
– Molds 
• Trichophyton spp. 
• Microsporum spp. 
• Epidermophyton spp. 
– Dimorphic fungi 
• Histoplasma capsulatum (37°C Y; 20-25°C M), Blastomyces spp.

Question 2

Mycosis

Answer 2

-Superficial mycosis:
skin, mucous membranes, nails (dermatomycosis, mucomycosis, onychomycosis)
Dermatophytes:
Trichophyton and Microsporum spp.
Yeasts:
Malassezia pachydermatis (dermatitis, external otitis) Candida spp.
-Systemic mycosis
( Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus spp., etc.)
dermatophytes, yeasts, dimorphic fungi

Question 3

INHIBITORS OF SQUALENE EPOXIDASE: ALLYLAMINES AND BENZYLAMINES

Answer 3

Local : naftifin, terbinafine, butenafine

Systemic: terbinafine

Broad spectrum (dermatophytes, yeasts), rare use in vet med

Question 4

INHIBITORS OF 14α-STEROL DEMETHYLASE: IMIDAZOLES AND TRIAZOLES

Answer 4

Local: thiabendazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, enilconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole

Systemic: itraconazole, fluconazole, posaconazole, *voriconazole

Frequently applied, broad spectrum (dermatophytes, yeasts)
*aspergillosis

Question 5

INHIBITORS OF FUNGAL MEMBRANE STABILITY

Answer 5

Local: nystatin, natamycin

Systemic: amphotericin-B

Toxicity when applied systemically

Question 6

INHIBITOR OF FUNGAL MITOSIS

Answer 6

No local

Systemic: griseofulvin (only dermatomycosis

Question 7

INHIBITOR OF FUNGAL NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS

Answer 7

No local

Systemic: flucytosin

Rare application, mainly combined with azole or amphotericin-B