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HLSC 220 > Antifungal Drugs > Flashcards

Antifungal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi

A

-Large and diverse group of microorganisms
-broken into yeasts and moulds

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2
Q

Mycoses is a

A

fungal infection

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3
Q

Fungal infections are

A

Normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestines, or vagina
-rise in opportunistic infections

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4
Q

what is part of the reason normal flora increases

A

broad spectrum antibiotics cause less competition

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5
Q

Normal flora

A

natural body bacteria

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6
Q

Fungal (mycotic) infection classifications

A

-superficial
-Systemic

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7
Q

Superficial fungal infection

A

-integumentary
-mucous membranes

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8
Q

Systemic fungal infections

A

-Can be life threatening
-ma require prolonged therapy
-usually occur in immunocompromised hosts

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9
Q

Whats the issue with systemic treatments

A

treatment drugs frequently prove toxic

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10
Q

Candida albicans

A

-in immunocompromised
-common yeast
-due to antibiotic therapy, antineoplastics, or immunosuppressants

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11
Q

Types of Candida albicans

A

-Oral candidiasis
-Vaginal Candidiasis
-Dermatomycoses

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12
Q

Oral Candidiasis

A

thrush of mucous membranes

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13
Q

Vaginal Candidisis

A

-Yeast infection
-Pregnancy, diabetes mellites, oral contraceptives

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14
Q

Dermatomycoses

A

-Skin (tinea/ringworm)
-Nails
-Hair

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15
Q

Antifungal drugs are split into

A

-Naturally Occurring
-Synthetic

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16
Q

Naturally Occuring

A

-Polyenes
-Echinocandins

17
Q

Synthetic

A

-Azoles
-Pyrimidines

18
Q

Polyenes

A

-Amphotericin B
-Nystatin

19
Q

Azoles

A

-Fluconazole
-Miconazole
-Ketoconazole
-Itraconazole

20
Q

Systemic Infections are treated with

A

-Amphotericin B (polyene/natural)
-Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole (Azoles/synthetic)

21
Q

Amphotericin B (Polyene/natural) administration

A

-Slow IV injection
-Lipid/Non-lipid preparations

22
Q

Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Itraconazole (Azole/synthetic) administration

A

multiple administration routes

23
Q

Superficial infections are treated with

A

Nystatin

24
Q

Nystatin (polyene/natural) administration

A

-Oral infections- suspension should be swished thoroughly in the mouth as long as possible before swallowing
-Polytypical azoles

25
Q

Polytypical Nystatin

A

-Vaginal candidiasis, skin infections (tineal)
-Fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole

26
Q

Polyenes mechanism of action (Amphotericin B + Nyststin)

A

-Bind to sterols in cell membrane lining
-Makes holes in cell membranes
-Fungal cell death (mostly)

27
Q

What’s the danger of polyenes in high concentration

A

bind to cholesterol of human cells causing toxicities

28
Q

Azoles mechanism of action (Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Miconazole, Clotrimazole)

A

-Inhibit sterol altering enzyme (CYP 450 enzymes, ergosterol in membranes)
-lead to altered cell membrane
-Inhibit growth/kills cells

29
Q

Indications of Antifungal drugs

A

-Systemic + Superficial infections
-Agent of choice for the treatment of severe systemic mycosis

30
Q

Agent of choice for the treatment of severe systemic mycosis

A

-Amphotericin B
-Azoles as alternative

31
Q

Amphotericin B adverse effects

A

Many adverse effects nontribally:
-Renal toxicity
-Impaired hepatic functions

32
Q

What should to assess when administering Amphotericin B

A

-Kidney and liver functions

33
Q

Other effects of Amphotericin B

A

-Fever
-Headache
-Dysrhythmias
-Malaise
-Hypotension
-Nausea + Vomiting
-Muscle +Joint pain
-Chills
-Anorexia

34
Q

How to reduce the severity of infusion related reaction of Amphotericin B

A

Pre-treat with
-Antipyretic (acetaminophen)
-Antihistamines (diphenhydramine)
-Anti-emetics
-Use a test dose

35
Q

Drug Interactions

A

-many azoles inhibit hepatic CYP enzymes
-Co-administration of 2-drugs that are metabolized by this system result in competition with the enzymes
-leading to higher levels of one of the drugs

HLSC 220 (10 decks)

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