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Pharm > antifungal drug > Flashcards

antifungal drug Flashcards

1
Q

flucytosine

A

acts similarly to ant-viral agents

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2
Q

how is flucytosine used

A

as anti-neoplastic

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3
Q

what does flucytosine interferes with

A

antimetabolite
fungal DNA resulting in inhibited growth ad reproduction

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4
Q

how do you get access to flucytosine

A

through special access programs similar to cancer medication
very rare used at ICU

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5
Q

griseofulvin and what is CI

A

It works by preventing fungi from reproducing by producing defect DNA
aci: PORPHYRIA GENETIC HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDER

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6
Q

infection caused by fungus is called

A

mycosis

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7
Q

POLYENES NYSTATIN MYCOSTATIN

A

Act by binding to sterol in the cell membrane of the fungi

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8
Q

what do human cell have instead of sterol

A

cholesterol

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9
Q

what do polyene drug has affinity for

A

ergosterol but not for cholesterol so it doesn’t affect the human cell

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10
Q

what happens once the polyene drug binds to ergosterol

A

It creates a channel in the fungal cell membrane allowing K and Mg ions to leak out, which causes cellular fungal metabolism to be altered and leads in the death of the cell.

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11
Q

how imidazoles and triazoles act

A

fungistatic or fungicidal drug depending on their concentration in a fungus

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12
Q

mechanism of the actions of azoles

A

interferes with cell permeability hole punchers causing instability and cell death

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13
Q

echinocandins

A

caspofungin
anidulafungin sodium
micafungin

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14
Q

how does echinocandins act as

A

preventing synthesis of glucans which is essentail component of the fungal celll walls

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15
Q

amphotericin B
polyenes

A

oldest antifungal treatment for sever systemic fungal infections

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16
Q

polyenes
Nystatin

A

similar to amphotericin B but its usefulness is limited because of its toxic levels and is not available in parenteral form

17
Q

what is nystatin used for

A

oropharyngeal candidiasis
trush
candidal diaper dermatitis

18
Q

fluconazole can pass where and what it can inhibit

A

can pass into cerebrospinal fluid CFS and inhibit the growth of cryptococcal funngi which effective treatment of the cryptococcal meningitis

19
Q

Adverse effects of the amphotericin B

A

Almost all patients given the drug intravenously experience infusion syndrome shake and bake including fever hypotension, chills, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting

20
Q

what it has been done to prevent adverse effects of amophotericin B

A

pretreatment with antipyretics,
antihistamine
antiemetics
corticosteroids
is used to decrease the severity of the infusion-related action

21
Q

CI of amphotericin B

A

hypersensitivity to it
sever bone marrow suppression
kidney impairment

22
Q

What is the bioavailability of oral fluconazole

A

Excellent almost entire dose is absorbed in circulation
over the counter medication

23
Q

how is nystatin applied

A

topically for candidal diaper rush

24
Q

how is nystatin taken

A

orally as prophylaxis against candidal infections during periods of neutropenia in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy

it is available over the counter

25
Q

What should be asses and documented before initialling the antifungal therapy

A

assess and document vital signs
weight
complete blood count
liver and kidney function test
culture and sensitivity test
GFR /creatinine

26
Q

what are the prototypes of azoles

A

ketoconazole
fluconazole

27
Q

what are adverse effects of azoles

A

GI upset
hepatotoxicity
headache
dizziness
dermatitis

28
Q

what can systematic form of azoles interact with

A

warfarin
phenytoin
oral hypoglycemia agents

29
Q

what is triazole

A

newest medication effective against the most tenacious fungal strains that other azoles cannot treat

30
Q

is there many drug interactions with azoles

A

yes there are many drug-drug interactions, anti-diabetics or anti-cholesterol

31
Q

What are polyenes are used for

A

orally as prophylaxis or treat oral candidiasis trush
to trerat diaper rash vsginal candidiasis

32
Q

what cautions should be takes with polyenes -nystatin

A

oral suspension is spit out if localized or swallowed itf throat is involved no food for 30 min

Pharm (5 decks)

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