antifungal drug Flashcards
flucytosine
acts similarly to ant-viral agents
how is flucytosine used
as anti-neoplastic
what does flucytosine interferes with
antimetabolite
fungal DNA resulting in inhibited growth ad reproduction
how do you get access to flucytosine
through special access programs similar to cancer medication
very rare used at ICU
griseofulvin and what is CI
It works by preventing fungi from reproducing by producing defect DNA
aci: PORPHYRIA GENETIC HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDER
infection caused by fungus is called
mycosis
POLYENES NYSTATIN MYCOSTATIN
Act by binding to sterol in the cell membrane of the fungi
what do human cell have instead of sterol
cholesterol
what do polyene drug has affinity for
ergosterol but not for cholesterol so it doesn’t affect the human cell
what happens once the polyene drug binds to ergosterol
It creates a channel in the fungal cell membrane allowing K and Mg ions to leak out, which causes cellular fungal metabolism to be altered and leads in the death of the cell.
how imidazoles and triazoles act
fungistatic or fungicidal drug depending on their concentration in a fungus
mechanism of the actions of azoles
interferes with cell permeability hole punchers causing instability and cell death
echinocandins
caspofungin
anidulafungin sodium
micafungin
how does echinocandins act as
preventing synthesis of glucans which is essentail component of the fungal celll walls
amphotericin B
polyenes
oldest antifungal treatment for sever systemic fungal infections
polyenes
Nystatin
similar to amphotericin B but its usefulness is limited because of its toxic levels and is not available in parenteral form
what is nystatin used for
oropharyngeal candidiasis
trush
candidal diaper dermatitis
fluconazole can pass where and what it can inhibit
can pass into cerebrospinal fluid CFS and inhibit the growth of cryptococcal funngi which effective treatment of the cryptococcal meningitis
Adverse effects of the amphotericin B
Almost all patients given the drug intravenously experience infusion syndrome shake and bake including fever hypotension, chills, tachycardia, malaise, muscle and joint pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting
what it has been done to prevent adverse effects of amophotericin B
pretreatment with antipyretics,
antihistamine
antiemetics
corticosteroids
is used to decrease the severity of the infusion-related action
CI of amphotericin B
hypersensitivity to it
sever bone marrow suppression
kidney impairment
What is the bioavailability of oral fluconazole
Excellent almost entire dose is absorbed in circulation
over the counter medication
how is nystatin applied
topically for candidal diaper rush
how is nystatin taken
orally as prophylaxis against candidal infections during periods of neutropenia in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy
it is available over the counter
