antibacteria Flashcards
Example where vit K deficiency can result from
Administration and pharmacological action of the oral anticoagulation warfarin sodium
What does the warfarin sodium do the vit K
Inhibit vit K dependent clotting factor
what vit K can be used
reverse effect of the warfarin sodium
what cautions should you take if you use Vit k with patient how is taking warfarin sodium
It is important to note the patient become unresponsive to warfarin sodium for about 1 week after K is administrated
What can happen if Vit K 1 is reduced?
it can lead to inadequate mineralization of the bone due to diminished functioning osteocalcin.
the greater deficiency in vitamin K, the greater severity of the
fracture
The adverse effect of Vit K
relatively non-toxic
hypersensitivity
anaphylaxis from IV administration
What can happen to newborn with toxicity of vit k
Hemolysis of RBC especially in infants with low levels of glucose -6-phosphate dehydrogenase G6PD
What are beta-lactamase inhibitors
They make antibiotics more powerful against beta-lactamase producing bacterial strain
antimicrobial stewardship
An institutional activity includes ensuring appropriate selection, dosing, choice of route and duration of antimicrobial therapy
What is aim of the antimicrobial stewardship
Limit the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria
What do beta-lactamase enzymes of bacteria do?
The enzyme can break the chemical bond between carbon and nitrogen in the structure of the beta-lactam ring causing beta-lactam drug lose their efficiency
What are the 4 most common mechanisms of antibiotic actions?
- interference with bacterial wall synthesis
- interference with protein synthesis
- interference with the replication of nucleic acid
- DNA and RNA
ANTIMETABOLITE ACTION THAT DISRUPTS CRITICAL METABOLIC REACTIONS INSIDE THE BACTERIAL WALL
what should you do if the patients has pseudomembranous colitis
dont give them the antidiarrhea the bacteria needs to get out
Symptoms of C. difficle
watery diarrhea
abdominal pain
fever
Pseudomembranous colitits
general term- antibiotics-associated colitis
A potentially necrotizing inflammatory bowel condition that is often associated with antibiotic therapy
Antibiotic-acquired diarrhea becomes a severe infection when it causes antibiotic-acquired colitis
What antibiotics are not good for children
tetracycline-teeth discloration
quinolones-bone and cartilage development
sulfonamides
displaces bilirubin from albumin
Superinfection
1) infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment for another infection resulting from overgrowth of an organism not susceptible to the antibiotics used.
2) a secondary microbial infection that occurs in addition to an earlier primary infection often because of the weakening immune system by the first infection
Signs and symptoms of superinfections
fever
perineal itching
oral lesions
vaginal irritations.discharge
cough
lethargy
nursing cautions for pencillin
high dose of the some penicillin interfere with platelet aggregation in anticoagulant concurrent use
nursing cautions for pencillin
renal disease excreted primarily with kidney
Some penicillin can contain high amounts of sodium and potassium which can cause fluid to retain have be watched for the cardiac patient for cardiac arrhythmia
mechanism of action of penicillin and cephalosporin
Disrupt the cell wall of bacteria by inhibits cross-linking between peptide chains of neighbouring stainds causing bacteriocidal
spill out the contents and bacteria cant not flourish anymore
pregnanncy and pencillin
cat B no evidence at risk for the human
can go to the breastmilk
How many generationns of cephaosporins
First generation
closest to penicillin
most problems with resistance and cross-sensitivity
Second generations
-more potent/ broader spectrum
Third Generations
longer acting/even broader spectrum
