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Pharm > antibacteria > Flashcards

antibacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Example where vit K deficiency can result from

A

Administration and pharmacological action of the oral anticoagulation warfarin sodium

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2
Q

What does the warfarin sodium do the vit K

A

Inhibit vit K dependent clotting factor

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3
Q

what vit K can be used

A

reverse effect of the warfarin sodium

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4
Q

what cautions should you take if you use Vit k with patient how is taking warfarin sodium

A

It is important to note the patient become unresponsive to warfarin sodium for about 1 week after K is administrated

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5
Q

What can happen if Vit K 1 is reduced?

A

it can lead to inadequate mineralization of the bone due to diminished functioning osteocalcin.

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6
Q

the greater deficiency in vitamin K, the greater severity of the

A

fracture

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7
Q

The adverse effect of Vit K

A

relatively non-toxic
hypersensitivity
anaphylaxis from IV administration

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8
Q

What can happen to newborn with toxicity of vit k

A

Hemolysis of RBC especially in infants with low levels of glucose -6-phosphate dehydrogenase G6PD

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9
Q

What are beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

They make antibiotics more powerful against beta-lactamase producing bacterial strain

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10
Q

antimicrobial stewardship

A

An institutional activity includes ensuring appropriate selection, dosing, choice of route and duration of antimicrobial therapy

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11
Q

What is aim of the antimicrobial stewardship

A

Limit the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria

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12
Q

What do beta-lactamase enzymes of bacteria do?

A

The enzyme can break the chemical bond between carbon and nitrogen in the structure of the beta-lactam ring causing beta-lactam drug lose their efficiency

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13
Q

What are the 4 most common mechanisms of antibiotic actions?

A
  1. interference with bacterial wall synthesis
  2. interference with protein synthesis
  3. interference with the replication of nucleic acid
  4. DNA and RNA
    ANTIMETABOLITE ACTION THAT DISRUPTS CRITICAL METABOLIC REACTIONS INSIDE THE BACTERIAL WALL
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14
Q

what should you do if the patients has pseudomembranous colitis

A

dont give them the antidiarrhea the bacteria needs to get out

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15
Q

Symptoms of C. difficle

A

watery diarrhea
abdominal pain
fever

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16
Q

Pseudomembranous colitits

general term- antibiotics-associated colitis

A

A potentially necrotizing inflammatory bowel condition that is often associated with antibiotic therapy

Antibiotic-acquired diarrhea becomes a severe infection when it causes antibiotic-acquired colitis

17
Q

What antibiotics are not good for children

A

tetracycline-teeth discloration
quinolones-bone and cartilage development
sulfonamides
displaces bilirubin from albumin

18
Q

Superinfection

A

1) infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment for another infection resulting from overgrowth of an organism not susceptible to the antibiotics used.
2) a secondary microbial infection that occurs in addition to an earlier primary infection often because of the weakening immune system by the first infection

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of superinfections

A

fever
perineal itching
oral lesions
vaginal irritations.discharge
cough
lethargy

20
Q

nursing cautions for pencillin

A

high dose of the some penicillin interfere with platelet aggregation in anticoagulant concurrent use

21
Q

nursing cautions for pencillin

A

renal disease excreted primarily with kidney

Some penicillin can contain high amounts of sodium and potassium which can cause fluid to retain have be watched for the cardiac patient for cardiac arrhythmia

22
Q

mechanism of action of penicillin and cephalosporin

A

Disrupt the cell wall of bacteria by inhibits cross-linking between peptide chains of neighbouring stainds causing bacteriocidal

spill out the contents and bacteria cant not flourish anymore

23
Q

pregnanncy and pencillin

A

cat B no evidence at risk for the human
can go to the breastmilk

24
Q

How many generationns of cephaosporins

A

First generation
closest to penicillin
most problems with resistance and cross-sensitivity

Second generations
-more potent/ broader spectrum
Third Generations
longer acting/even broader spectrum

25
Q

adverse action of pencilin

A

rash
fever
anaphylaxis 1-5/10 000 incidents

26
Q

with which vitamin can cephalosporin interfere

A

vitamin K metabolisam cautions use in bleeding disorder

27
Q

Why tetracyclines are not recommended for children under 8

A

strong affinity for the calcium it can result in serious tooth disoloration

28
Q

is tetracycline safe during the pregnancy

A

no it is contraincident don’t even considered it can pass to breastmilk causes tooth discoloration
Stunt fetal skeletal development taken during pregnancy

29
Q

What can happen if the patient is taking cephalosporin with alcohol

A

Disulfioram (Antabuse
sever vomiting
weakness
blurred vision
hypotension

Pharm (5 decks)

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