Antifungal basics

Question 1

genetically how do fungi differ from bacteria

Answer 1

fungi are eukaryotes and have 80s ribosomes instead of the bacterial 70s

Question 2

growth difference between bacteria and fungi

Answer 2

fungi and slower growing and grow larger

Question 3

what is the cell wall made out of in fungi?

cell wall in bacteria?

Answer 3

fungi= chitin/ glucans
bacteria= nucleopeptide

Question 4

what is the difference between the cell membranes of fungi and mammals?
what drugs target this fungi component?

Answer 4

fungi have ergosterol in their cell membranes
mammals have cholesterol
ergosterol is targeted by polyenes and azoles

Question 5

what is the general rule regarding drug tx with bacteria? with fungi?

Answer 5

bacteria: low toxicity short term
fungi: long term high toxicity

Question 6

the 3 main types of fungal infections and examples of causes of them

Answer 6

superficial, cutaneous (ringworm, athletes foots, nail fungus)= dermatophytes, yeast (candiasis)
subcutaneous= sporotrichosis, mycetoma
systemic

Question 7

what can systemic fungal infections be broken down in to?

Answer 7

exogenous and opportunistic

Question 8

exogenous systemic fungal infections examples

Answer 8

blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, sporotrichosis, mainly lung exposure

Question 9

opportunistic fungal infections caused by?

mainly infects who?

Answer 9

caused by aspergillus, candiasis, cryptococcoses,

infects immunosuppressed pts: like cancer, leukemias, AIDS, burn pts, and pts on high antibacterial tx

Question 10

name the 6 mechanisms of anti fungal drugs

Answer 10

1. historical KI
2. Nucleic acid synthesis and cell division
3. cell membrane disruption, ergosterol binding
4. cell membrane: ergosterol synthesis inhibitors
5. cell wall synthesis: B 1,3 glucan synthase inhibitors
6. protein synthesis inhibitors

Question 11

2 examples of nucleic acid and cell division blockers?

Answer 11

griseofluvin- mitosis inhibitor

5 flucytosine- DNA / RNA synthesis inhibitor

Question 12

3 examples of cell membrane disruption: ergosterol binding drugs

Answer 12

amphotericin B, Nystatin, Natamycin

cell membrane disruption think statin and amphotericin B!!

Question 13

3 main examples of cell membrane: inhibition of ergosterol synthesis drugs

Answer 13

imidazoles
triazoles
allylamines, benzylamines
ergosterol inhibition think role and amines!

Question 14

3 examples of cell wall synthesis B 1,3 glucan synthase inhibitors

Answer 14

caspofungin, anidulafungin, micafungin

cell wall inhibitors think fungin!

Question 15

examples of protein synthesis Leucyl-tRNA synthetase Inhibitor

Answer 15

Tavaborole