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Pharm Exam 6 > Antidiabetic agents > Flashcards

Antidiabetic agents Flashcards

0
Q

Glucagon

A

Hyperglycemic agent - requires glycogen. IM, SC, IV, gradual onset
Tx: adults w/ stable DM, Bblocker OD, to relax GI (radio)
Adv: not for juveniles

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1
Q

Diaxozide

A

(Proglycem) Non-diuretic thiazide, vasodilator, hyperglycemic
Tx for insulinomas
Directly inhibits insulin secretion, dec glucose periph use, stim gluconeogenesis.
Adv: excessive hair growth (esp kids)

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2
Q

Tolbutamide (Orinase)

A

1st gen Sulfonylurea - block K+ch, depol: direct inc insulin release
Tx: DM, safer in elderly
Adv: hypoglycemia, GI, wt gain
CI: Sulfa allergy, renal/hepatic dz

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3
Q

Chlorpropamide (Diabenese)

A

1st gen Sulfonylurea - block K+ch, depol: direct inc insulin release
Tx: DM, disulfiram like effect (flushing)
Adv: hypoglycemia, GI, wt gain
CI: Sulfa allergy, renal/hepatic dz

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4
Q

Tolazamide (Tolinase)

A

1st gen Sulfonylurea - block K+ch, depol: direct inc insulin release
Tx: DM
Adv: hypoglycemia, GI, wt gain
CI: Sulfa allergy, renal/hepatic dz

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5
Q

Glyburide (Micronase)

A

2nd gen Sulfonylurea - block K+ch, depol: direct inc insulin release
Tx: DM, worst for hypoglycemia
Adv: hypoglycemia, GI, wt gain
CI: Sulfa allergy, renal/hepatic dz

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6
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

A

2nd gen Sulfonylurea - block K+ch, depol: direct inc insulin release
Tx: DM, least hypoglycemic effect
Adv: hypoglycemia, GI, wt gain
CI: Sulfa allergy, renal/hepatic dz

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7
Q

Glimepiride (Amaryl)

A

2nd gen Sulfonylurea - block K+ch, depol: direct inc insulin release
Tx: DM
Adv: hypoglycemia, GI, wt gain
CI: Sulfa allergy, renal/hepatic dz

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8
Q

Repaglinide (Prandin)

A

Metglitinide- Tx: DM
block K+ch: mimics endo insulin pattern (dec postprandial glucose)
Not sulfa, short acting (preprandial dose), NO WT GAIN
Adv: slight hypoglycemia
CI: Not for combo w/ sulfas, liver dz, preg cat C

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9
Q

Nateglinide (Starlix)

A

Metglitinide- Tx: DM
block K+ch: mimics endo insulin pattern (dec postprandial glucose)
Not sulfa, short acting (preprandial dose), NO WT GAIN
Adv: slight hypoglycemia
CI: Not for combo w/ sulfas, liver dz, preg cat C

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10
Q

Metformin (Glucophage)

A

Biguanide -Tx: DM, dec glucose levels (not by releasing insulin)
Safe >10yo, no wt gain, dec macrovasc events, no hypoglycemia
Adv: lactic acidosis (renal/hep, alcolo, CHF, COPD), DIARRHEA
CI: preg/breast feeding

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11
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos)

A

Glitazone/Thiazolidinediones “insulin sensitizer” Post-receptor insulin mimetic (nuclear PPAR-y ligand), wks/mos for onset, no insulin release
Lowers insulin resistance, dec development of T2DM
Adv: wt gain, edema (inc risk of heart dz)
CI: hepatic dz, CHF, preg cat C

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12
Q

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

A

Glitazone/Thiazolidinediones “insulin sensitizer” Post-receptor insulin mimetic (nuclear PPAR-y ligand), wks/mos for onset, no insulin release
Lowers insulin resistance, dec development of T2DM
Adv: wt gain, edema (inc risk of heart dz)
CI: hepatic dz, CHF, preg cat C

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13
Q

Acarbose (Precose)

A

a-glucosidase inhibitor (SI enterocytes)-
delays carb digestion, diet aid in T1-2DM
dec postprandial glucose, no wt gain
Adv: FLATULENCE
CI: breastfeed, GI dz, renal/hepatic dz

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14
Q

Miglitol (Glyset)

A

a-glucosidase inhibitor (SI enterocytes)-
delays carb digestion, diet aid in T1-2DM
dec postprandial glucose, no wt gain
Adv: FLATULENCE
CI: breastfeed, GI dz, renal/hepatic dz

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15
Q

Exenatide (Byetta)

A

GLP-1 agonist resistant to DPP-IV, SubQ 2x/day
Tx: dec postprandial gluc, inc Bcell, wt loss, no hypoglycemia
Adv: GI, HS, pancreatitis, pancreas/thyroid CA
CI: slow GI, renal sz, preg/breastfeed, thyroid Ca

16
Q

Liraglutide (Victoza)

A

GLP-1 agonist resistant to DPP-IV, SubQ 1x/day
Tx: dec postprandial gluc, inc Bcell, wt loss, no hypoglycemia
Adv: GI, HS, pancreatitis, thyroid CA
CI: slow GI, renal sz, preg/breastfeed, thyroid Ca

17
Q

Dulaglutide (Trulicity)

A

GLP-1 agonist resistant to DPP-IV, SubQ 1x/wk
Tx: dec postprandial gluc, inc Bcell, wt loss, no hypoglycemia
Adv: GI, HS, pancreatitis, pancreas/thyroid CA
CI: slow GI, renal sz, preg/breastfeed, thyroid Ca

18
Q

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

A

DPP-IV inhibitor- more incretin effect (inc gluc dependent insulin sec)
Oral, dec postprandial/fasting gluc, no wt gain
Adv: HS, pancrea-titis/Ca
CI: slow GI, renal dz, preg/breastfeed cat C

19
Q

Saxagliptin (Onglyza)

A

DPP-IV inhibitor- more incretin effect (inc gluc dependent insulin sec)
Oral, dec postprandial/fasting gluc, no wt gain
Adv: HS, pancrea-titis/Ca
CI: slow GI, renal dz, preg/breastfeed cat C

20
Q

Linagliptin (Tradjenta)

A

DPP-IV inhibitor- more incretin effect (inc gluc dependent insulin sec)
Oral, dec postprandial/fasting gluc, no wt gain
Adv: HS, pancrea-titis/Ca
CI: slow GI, renal dz, preg/breastfeed cat C

21
Q

Alogliptan (Nesina)

A

DPP-IV inhibitor- more incretin effect (inc gluc dependent insulin sec)
Oral, dec postprandial/fasting gluc, no wt gain
Adv: HS, pancrea-titis/Ca
CI: slow GI, renal dz, preg/breastfeed cat C

22
Q

Pramlintide (Symlin)

A

Centrally acting DM1-2 tx, amylin analog, Adjunct w/ insulin, SubQ
Wt loss (appetite dec), dec postprandial glucose
Adv: GI, injection site lipodystrophy
CI: slow GI, preg/breastfeed

23
Q

Bromocriptine (Cycloset)

A

DA agonist- DM specific, inc suppression of gluconeogenesis, oral
dec FFA/TG-dec CV endpoint pd. Take <2hrs waking, CYP3A4
Adv: N, weak, dizzy, GI (mild)
CI: CYP3A4 interact, ergot all, syncope/hypotension, dec lactation

24
Q

Colesevelam (WelChol)

A

Bile acid resin, combo tx for DM2, dec hyperlipidemia

Adv: constipation, bloating

25
Q

Canagliflozin (Invokana)

A

Inhibits SGLT2 in kidney, dec reabsorption of glucose Tx: DM
Adv: UTI, frequency, osmotic diuresis
CI: renal dz, UTI prone.

26
Q

Dapagliflozin (Farxiga)

A

Inhibits SGLT2 in kidney, dec reabsorption of glucose Tx: DM
Adv: UTI, frequency, osmotic diuresis
CI: renal dz, UTI prone.

27
Q

Insulin lispro (Humalog)

A

Rapid acting insulin- IV

28
Q

Insulin aspart (Novo Log)

A

Rapid acting insulin- IV

29
Q

Insulin glulisine (Apidra)

A

Rapid acting insulin- IV

30
Q 
NPH
Isophane insulin (Humulin N, Novolin N)
A

Intermediate acting insulin - Not IV, in Phosphate buffer

31
Q

Insulin glargine (Lantus)

A

Long-acting insulin- not IV, ppts in body

32
Q

Insulin detemir (Levemir)

A

Long-acting insulin- not IV, bound to albumin

Pharm Exam 6 (8 decks)

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