Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines Flashcards
What are the indications for benzodiazepines ?
- Anxiolytic and anticonvulsant
- Hypnotic and anaesthetic
- Withdrawal syndrome.
What is the chemical structure of benzodiazepine ?
It is composed of a Benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
What are the short acting benzodiazepines ?
ATOM
Alprazolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam
What are the intermediate acting benzodiazepines ?
Temazepam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam
What are the long acting benzodiazepines ?
Chlordiazepoxide
Diazepam
Flurazepam
What is the MOA of benzodiazepines ?
They bind to the benzodiazepine binding site located b/w the alpha 1 and gama 2 subunits of GABA -A receptors of the post synaptic neurones and increase the frequency of Cl- channel opening.
What are the dose dependent effects of barbiturates ?
Low= Sedation, disinhibition, and anxiolysis
Medium = Hypnosis
High = Anaesthesia
What is the treatment of choice for status epilepticus ?
Benzodiazepines.
Why is benzodiazepines used to treat alcohol withdrawal symptoms ?
since they both act on the same GABA-A receptors.
Benzodiazepines are used as second line treatment for what condition?
Eclampsia
Benzodiazepines Midazolam can cause _________.
Anterograde amnesia.
What is the antedote for benzodiazepine overdose ?
Flumazinle through competitive antagonism of benzodiazepine binding sites.
What are the benzodiazepines that can be used in patients with liver disease ?
Lorazepam, oxazepam, and Temazepam as they are not metabolised by CYP450 but through glucuronidation.
What are the contraindications for benzodiazepines ?
- Myasythenia Gravis.
- respiratory insufficiency
- Severe liver impairment
- acute narrow angle glaucoma and untreated open angle glaucoma.
- Pregnancy and breast feeding.
Osmosis Link to Anticonvulsants and anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines
https://www.osmosis.org/learn/Anticonvulsants_and_anxiolytics:_Benzodiazepines?from=/pa/foundational-sciences/pharmacology-and-pharmacotherapeutics/neurologic-system/anticonvulsants
