Anticoagulants Flashcards
thrombus vs. embolus
T = clot that forms in the vein
E = small thing that occludes blood vessel
Thrombosis vs. embolism
T = when a blood clot reduces blood flow within a vessel
E = when something gets stuck in a vessel and limits blood flow
Aspirin
MOA
use
side effect
anti platelet drugs
- blocks synthesis of TXA2 and PGI via COX enzyme
- reduce risk of reinfarction
- can cause gastric bleeds
Glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitor MOA
block linkage of platelets via fibrinogen binding
P2Y12 receptor and PDE inhibitors MOA
block decrease of cAMP which decreases aggregation of platelets
What are Clopidogrel + Aspirin used for
angioplasty
What are Dipyridamole + Warfarin used for
prosthetic heart valve
What are Dipyridamole + Aspirin used for
prior stroke
How do glycoprotein 2b3a inhibitors work
bind to receptors and inhibit aggregation
Warfarin
MOA
use
side effects
blocks Epoxide reductase
- inhibits carboxylation of 2,7,9,10, C/S/Z protein because Vitamin K antagonist
used to prevent DVT after mechanical heart valve
- may result in birth defects, hemorrhage, inhibits Vit K
- takes several days to work
DT diaphorase
isoform of epoxide reductase
- allows use of vitamin K but at a higher concentration
Antithrombin 3
inhibits thrombin –> immediately affects coagulation
Heparin
MOA
purpose
adverse reactions
indirect thrombin inhibitor
- accelerates interaction of antithrombin with thrombin –> limits clots
- low molecular weight can only work on factor 10
- can be used during pregnancy and prevents clotting in vitro/vivo
- Can cause hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia (IgG against hep)
Fondaparinux
heparin derivative that inhibits factor 10 (low weight)
- less likely to trigger thrombocytopenia
Direct Thrombin inhibitors
Hirudin and Lepirudin
Bivalirudin
Argatroban
