Antibodies Flashcards
Define antibody
an antibody is a protein that is produced in response to a foreign molecule (antigen), and has the property of binding specifically to that antigen
What type of luekocytes produce antibodies?
antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes
Antibodies constitute the class of proteins known as ……………….
immunoglobulins
What are the secondary effector functions after an antibody has binded onto a antigen?
complement activation
opsonisation (promotion of phagocytosis)
cell activation via specific antibody-binding receptors (Fc receptors)
Identify the antigen binding site (Fab) and Fc portions of the molecule?
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add pic
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Are antibody molecules flexiable
yes
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Both light chains and heavy chains can be divided into ………… regions and ………….. regions Hint: it has to do with the flexability of antibodies
variable and constant add pic
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How many hypervariable regions make up the antigen binding site?
3
What region that is made up of 3 hypervariable regions within V domains forms the antigen binding site?
complementary determining region (CDRs)
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Define Antibody Affinity?
Is a measure of the strength of binding between a single binding site of an antibody and its antigen
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Define Antibody Avidity?
Defined as the overall strength of multiple interactions between an antibody with multiple binding sites and a complex antigen with multiple epitopes: add pic
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define epitopes
the part of an antigen molecule to which an antibody attaches itself.
Briefly explain Antibody Cross-Reactivity?
Antibody elicited in response to one antigen can sometimes recognise a different antigen of similar structure: 1. Vaccination with cowpox induces antibodies which are able to recognise smallpox 2. ABO blood-group antigens (glycoproteins on r.b.c.) Antibodies made against microbial antigens on common intestinal bacteria may cross-react with carbohydrates on r.b.c.
What part of the antibody differs between different antibody classes?
Different classes of antibodies differ in the constant regions of their heavy chains: add image
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List the immunoglobulin classes
IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD GAMED