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Pulm PHARM > Antibiotics Used In Infection > Flashcards

Antibiotics Used In Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the linkcosamides

A

*clindamycin, lincomysin, pirlimycin.

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2
Q

How do lincosamides work

A

Prevent replication by inhibiting the 50s subunit

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3
Q

Adverse effects of clindamycin

A

Pseudomembranas colitis

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4
Q

What are lincosamides used for

A

Anaerobes (female gu tract or penetrating wounds)
TSS (staph or strep)
Gram + if allergic to penicillin

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5
Q

Name 3 macrolides

A

Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

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6
Q

What macrolide is well absorbed in IV

A

Azithromycin (actively transported to infection)
Note does not block CYP450

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7
Q

Adverse effects of erythromycin

A

QT prolongation and torsades
GI upset (decreased motility)
Rare: cholestatic jaundice

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8
Q

What atypical organisms would macrolides treat?

A

Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia

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9
Q

How do betalactam rings work

A

Competitive inhibition of the traspeptidase enzyme. Inhibit cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

Which B lactamase is oral and which are IV *(name brands)

A

Oral: augmentin
IV: unsasym, timentin, zosyn
Actual drug names end in bactam

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11
Q

What do cephalosporins do

A

Inhibit the transpeptidase enzyme to inhibit cell wall synthesis

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12
Q

What drug is used for meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone, it crossed the BBB

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13
Q

Which cephalosporins interfere with alcohol metabolism and why?

A

Cefamandol, cefmetazole, cefotetan
They have a NMTT side chain. Interferes with K dependent clotting factors and alcohol metabolism

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14
Q

What is the MOA for Quinolones?

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase/topoisomerase 2
Causes point mutation in this gene

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15
Q

Which quinolone has extended spectrum coverage

A

Levofloxacin. (Strep pneumonia) good for community acquired pneumonia

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16
Q

What are some adverse effects of Quinolones

A

GI symptoms, hepatotoxic Itú, damage cartilage (don’t use in kids and pregnancy) - tendinitis and tendon rupture

17
Q

What is tetracyclines moa

A

Bind to 30s ribosomal subunit
Good for spyrochetes

18
Q

What are the adverse effects of tetracycline

A

Depresses bone growth by chelating calcium. Do not use for infants and pregnant women

19
Q

MOA of carbepenems

A

Inhibit cell wall sythesis

20
Q

Patients with a penicillin allergy also likely have an allergy to which carbapenem

A

Imipenem. Always given with Cilistatin (to inhibit DHP1 inhibitor)

21
Q

What is unique about carbapenems

A

They cover almost everything. A beta lactamase can be added to combat growing resistance

22
Q

MOA of Oxazolidinone and use

A

Inhibits 50s subunit, good for home therapy in oral form.

23
Q

What is a therapeutic use of Oxazolidinone

A

Infections due to MRSA and vancomycin resistant enterococcus

24
Q

What antibiotics are used in CAP

A

Amoxicillin and Doxycylin
Use when there are no risk factors for pseudomonas

25
Q

MOA of amoxicillin and it’s class

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor (broad spectrum penicillin)

26
Q

MOA of B lactam antibiotics

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

27
Q

MOA and classification of Docycycline

A

30s synthesis inhibitor. Tetracycline family

28
Q

Side effects of doxycycline (3)

A
  1. Risk of sunburn
  2. Increases CDiff chance
  3. Disrupts bone development in babies from breast milk

Relatively safe in pregnancy

29
Q

What drugs are used in comorbidity associated CAP

A
30
Q

What is used for penicillinase resistant bacteria (HAP)

A

Amoxicillin and clavulanate acid

31
Q

MOA and family of vancomycin

A

Binds D ala D ala portion of peptidoglycan wall. Is a glycopeptide and has bacteriosidal activity (causes rupture of bacteria)

32
Q

What is unique about oral vancomycin

A

It cannot cross the gi tract

33
Q

What is vancomycin used for

A

MRSA

Pulm PHARM (4 decks)

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