Antibiotics SE and Resistance Flashcards
Penicillin
SE: Hypersensitivity, Hemolytic anemia
Resistance: B-lactamases
Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin
SE: hypersensitivity, Intersititial Nephritis
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
SE: Rash, Hypersensitivity, C. Difficile
Resistance: B-lactamases
Cephalosporin
SE: vit K deficiency, Nephrotoxic w/ aminoglycosides
Imipenem/ Cilastatin
CNS toxicity (seizures)
Vancomycin
SE: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxic, Thrombophlebitis
Red man syndrome (Histamine release, tx w/ antihistamine and slow infusion rate).
Resistance: D-ala D-ala => D-ala D-lac
Aminoglycosides
SE: Nephrotoxic (especially w/ cephalosporins), Ototoxic (especially w/ loops), Tetragen
Resistance: Acetylation, Phosphorylation, Adenylation
Tetracycline
SE: GI, Teeth, BOne, Photo
Resistance: Efflux Pump
Macrolides
SE: Arrhythmias (QT), Acute Cholestatic hepatitis, Rash, EOSINOPHILIA
Resistance: 23S-methylation
Chloramphenicol
SE: anemia (dose dependent), aplastic anemia (dose independent), Gray baby syndrome (lack of UGT)
Resistance: Plasmid coded acetyltransferase
Sulfonamides (SMX)
SE: Hypersensitivity, G6PD, Nephrotoxic (tubulointersitial nephritis), Photosensitive, Kernicterus in infants, displace warfarin
Resistance: altered enzyme
TMP
SE: megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
Fluoroquinolones:
SE: BOne, tendon, cartilage, QT
Tendon rupture in elder + prednisone
Resistance: mutation in DNA gyrase, Plasmid resistance, efflux pump
