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Pharmacology > Antibiotics III: Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Antibiotics III: Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin, amikacin, streptomycin, neomycin

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2
Q

target of aminoglycosides

A

G- organisms and G+ staph; concentration-dependent

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3
Q

active transport across plasma membrane into cytosol is O2-dependent

A

aminoglycosides

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4
Q

drugs that bind to 30-S

A

aminoglycosides

tetracyclines

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5
Q

drugs that bind to 50-S

A 
erythromycin
chloramphenicol
clindamycin
dalfopristin/quinupristin
linezolid
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6
Q

long post-antibiotic effect (hours)

A

aminoglycosides

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7
Q

used for resistant bacteremia, sepsis and G+ endocarditis

A

aminoglycosides (in combo w/ beta-lactams or vancomycin)

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8
Q

second-line drug for active TB

A

streptomycin

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9
Q

used in hospitals where resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin is common

A

amikacin

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10
Q

adverse reactions to aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

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11
Q

prototype tetracycline

A

doxycycline

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12
Q

prototype glycylcycline

A

tigecycline

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13
Q

tetracycline resistance

A

increased drug efflux and production of proteins that interfere w/ drug binding to 30S subunit (tigecycline resistant to efflux)

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14
Q

distributed widely in bone and teeth

A

tetracyclines

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15
Q

form insoluble chelates with multivalent cations resulting in decreased oral absorption

A

tetracyclines

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16
Q

treatment and prophylaxis of malaria

A

tetracyclines

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17
Q

broad spectrum against aerobic and anaerobic G+ and G- organisms (use declined due to resistance, toxicity)

A

tetracyclines

18
Q

effective against rickettsial infections, Chlamydia, Lyme disease, anthrax, Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

tetracyclines

19
Q

adverse effects include discoloration of teeth, renal toxicity, superinfection, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity

A

tetracyclines

20
Q

macrolides

A

erythromycin

azithromycin

21
Q

bacteriostatic (can be bactericidal against highly susceptible strains, high concentrations)

A

macrolides

22
Q

binds reversibly to 50S; inhibits translocation step of protein elongation

A

macrolides

23
Q

Resistance: plasmid-encoded methylation of 50S subunit that decreases binding affinity

A

macrolides

24
Q

used for atypical pneumonias, Bordatella pertussis, diphtheria, chlamydia

A

macrolides

25
Q

Adverse reactions: cholestatic hepatitis, prolonged Q-T interval

A

macrolides

26
Q

MOA: similar to macrocodes; block peptide bond formation through interactions at A-site and P-site of 50S

A

clindamycin

27
Q

Uses: severe group A strep, gas gangrene; b. fragilis; topical for acne

A

clindamycin

28
Q

Adverse reaction: CDAD

A

clindamycin (and ciprofloxacin)

29
Q

MOA: binds to peptidyl transferase center of 50S subunit

A

chloramphenicol

30
Q

broad-spectrum bacteriostatic against G+ (MRSA), G- and anerobes

A

chloramphenicol

31
Q

resistance due to acetyltransferase that acetylates the drug

A

chloramphenicol

32
Q

Adverse reactions: gray baby, bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia

A

chloramphenicol

33
Q

MOA: binds to unique site of 23S rRNA of 50S subunit and blocks formation of initiation complex (bacteriostatic)

A

linezolid

34
Q

Uses: VRE and MRSA

A

linezolid

35
Q

Adverse reactions: myelosupression (weekly blood tests); neuropathy

A

linezolid

36
Q

Drug interactions w/ MAOIs and SSRIs

A

linezolid

37
Q

MOA: inhibits peptidyl transferase center of 23S rRNA (50S) and binds same site as macrolides

A

quinupristin-dalfopristin

38
Q

streptogramins

A

quinupristin-dalfopristin

39
Q

approved for serious infections caused by VRE

A

quinupristin-dalfopristin

40
Q

Adverse reactions: hyperbilirubinemia, arthralgia/myalgia

A

quinupristin-dalfopristin

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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