Anti-parasitic Agents

Question 1

anti-protozoal drugs

Answer 1

chloroquine
artemether/lumefantrine
primaquine
metronidazole
paromomycin

Question 2

anti-helminthic drugs

Answer 2

albendazole
praziquantel
pyrantel pamoate
ivermectin

Question 3

drugs used for prophylaxis

Answer 3

chloroquine

primaquine

Question 4

treatment of blood stage

Answer 4

chloroquine

artemisinins

Question 5

treatment of liver stage

Answer 5

primaquine

Question 6

two agents with gametocidal activity

Answer 6

primaquine

artemether

Question 7

weak base becomes trapped in acidic parasite food vacuoles; inhibits biocrystallization; causes hematin to accumulate in vacuole

Answer 7

chloroquine

Question 8

Therapeutic uses: clinical cure and prophylaxis against sensitive strains; used during pregnancy

Answer 8

chloroquine

Question 9

Adverse reactions: pruritis, HA, GI effects; hypotension, arrhythmias

Answer 9

chloroquine

Question 10

short half-life (1-3 hrs) therefore not useful for chemoprophylaxis

Answer 10

artemether

Question 11

fixed-dose combination w/ lumefantrine; sustains antimalarial activity

Answer 11

artemether

Question 12

first-line treatment of MDR falciparum malaria

Answer 12

artemether

Question 13

Adverse reactions: neurotoxicity, embryotoxicity (both in animals, humans unknown)

Answer 13

artemether

Question 14

with chloroquine, used to achieve clinical and radical cure of vivax/ovale malaria

Answer 14

primaquine

Question 15

terminal prophylaxis after travel

Answer 15

primaquine

Question 16

Adverse reactions: hemolytic anemia in G6DP deficient patients; contraindicated in pregnancy

Answer 16

primaquine

Question 17

prodrug converted to DNA-damaging metabolite by anaerobic organisms

Answer 17

metronidazole

Question 18

Therapeutic uses: amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis

Answer 18

metronidazole

Question 19

amino glycoside that binds to 30S ribosomal subunit of E. histolytica; not absorbed from GI tract

Answer 19

paromomycin

Question 20

alternative to metronidazole during 1st trimester in pregnant females being treated for giardiasis

Answer 20

paromomycin

Question 21

inhibits polymerization of B-tubulin, preventing formation of cytoplasmic microtubules; disrupts nematode motility and DNA replication

Answer 21

albendazole

Question 22

Therapeutic uses: cestode, roundworm, and pinworm infections

Answer 22

albendazole

Question 23

Adverse reactions: teratogenic; liver toxicity in long term use

Answer 23

albendazole

Question 24

increases permeability of trematode and cestode cell membranes to calcium

Answer 24

praziquantel

Question 25

drug of choice for schistosomiasis

Answer 25

praziquantel

Question 26

Mazzotti reaction

Answer 26

pruritis, rash, fever and lymphedema due to immune reaction to dying worms (seen w/ praziquantel and ivermectin)

Question 27

depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent; persistent activation of parasite nicotinic ACh receptors resulting in spastic paralysis

Answer 27

pyrantel pamoate

Question 28

Therapeutic uses: OTC

Answer 28

pyrantel pamoate

Question 29

immobilization of worms by tonic muscle paralysis (activates glutamate-gated Cl channels causing hyper polarization of cell membrane)

Answer 29

ivermectin

Question 30

broad spectrum agent used to treat infections by nematodes and arthropods in veterinary medicine; onchocerciasis, intestinal nematodes in humans

Answer 30

ivermectin