Antibiotics I: Principles of Antimicrobial Pharmacology Flashcards
suppresses bacterial cell proliferation; depends on host immune system to clear infection
bacteriostatic
direct bacterial cell death; dependent on active bacterial proliferation
bactericidal
anaerobes are resistant to…
aminoglycosides (O2-dependent drugs)
aerobes are resistant to…
metronidazole (requires enzymatic reduction in absence of O2)
2 types of drugs that cannot penetrate outer membrane of G- bacteria
Standard penicillin (lipophilic) and vancomycin (high MW)
Drugs with highest risk of CDAD
clindamycin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones (and ampicillin)
Drugs used to treat CDAD (2)
Metronidazole, Vancomycin
Antibiotics whose dose should be reduced in patients with decreased kidney function (7)
Aminoglycosides Vancomycin Cephalosporins (1st and 2nd) Sulfonamides/Rrimethoprim Extended-spectrum penicillins Carbapenems Ethambutol
Antibiotics whose dose should be reduced in patients with decreased liver function (7)
Clindamycin Macrolides Chloramphenicol Tetracyclines Metronidazole Isoniazid Rifampin
Pregnancy Category D
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Drug causing kernicterus in nursing infants
Sulfonamides
Inhibitors of cell wall transpeptidation (cell wall)
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Inhibitors of murein precursor synthesis (cell wall)
Fosfomycin
Glycopeptides
Bacitracin
Inhibitors of my colic acid synthesis (cell wall)
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit
Macrolides Chloramphenicol Streptogramins Oxazolidinones Clindamycin
Interfere with folic acid metabolism
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Inhibition of DNA gyrase
Fluoroquinolones
Inhibition of RNA polymerase
Rifampin
Cationic detergets
Polymyxins
MOA: plasma membrane depolarization
Cyclic lipopeptides
Bacteriostatic Agents (8)
Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Ethambutol Macrolides Oxazolidinones Sulfonamides Tetracyclines Trimethoprim
