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Microbiology > Antibiotics/fungal/virus > Flashcards

Antibiotics/fungal/virus Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins

A 
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Aminopenicillins
Pen G/V
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
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2
Q

Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

A

Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

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3
Q

Antipseudomonal penicillins

A

Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Use with beta-lactamase inhibitor

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4
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid
Avibactam
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

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5
Q

Beta-lactams

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems

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6
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors–peptidoglycan synthesis

A

Glycopeptides: vancomycin and bacitracin

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7
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: peptidoglycan cross-linking

A

Beta-lactams

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8
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors: 50S subunit

A 
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Linezolid 
Macrolide S
Streptogramins (quinupristin and Adolfo priest in)
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9
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors: 30S subunit

A

Aminoglycosides
Glycyclines (tigecycline)
Tetracyclines

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10
Q

Folic acid synthesis and reduction inhibitors: DNA methylation

A

Sulfonamides

Trimethoprim

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11
Q

DNA gyrase inhibitors

A

Fluoroquinolones

Quinolone (nalidixic acid)

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12
Q

MRNA synthesis inhibitor (RNA polymerase)

A

Rifampin

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13
Q

DNA integrity inhibitor (makes free radicals)

A

Metronidazole

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14
Q

Mycolic acid synthesis inhibitor

A

Isoniazid

Antimycobacterial

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15
Q

Arabinogalactan synthesis inhibitor (arabinosyl transferase)

A

Ethambutol

Antimycobacterial

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16
Q

Mycobacterial mRNA synthesis inhibitor (DNA-dependent RNA polymerase)

A

Rifabutin

Rifampin

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17
Q

Mycobacterial intracellular

A

Pyrazinamide

Mechanism unknown

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18
Q

Lanosterol synthesis inhibitor

A

Terbinafine

Antifungal

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19
Q

Ergosterol synthesis inhibitors

A

Azoles

Antifungal

20
Q

Fungal cell wall synthesis

A

Echinocandins (anidulafungin/caspofungin/micafungin)

21
Q

Fungal cell membrane integrity inhibitor

A

Polyenes (amphotericin B, nystatin)

22
Q

Fungal nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor

A

Flucytosine

23
Q

Antihelminthic therapy

A 
Mebendazole (microtubule inhibitor)
Pyrantel pamoate 
Ivermectin
Diethylcarbamazine
Praziquantel
24
Q

Chloroquine

A

Treatment of plasmodia species other than P falciparum

Blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin (heme toxic to plasmodia)

25
Q

Anti-mite/louse therapy

A

Permethrin (depolarization via Na channels)
Malathion (AChE inhibitor)
Lindane (blocks GABA channels–neurotoxicity)

26
Q

Toxoplasmosis treatment

A

Pyrimethamine

27
Q

Trypanosoma brucei

A

Suramin and melarsoprol

28
Q

T Cruzi

A

Nifurtimox

29
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

Sodium stibogluconate

30
Q

Viral protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Interferon-alpha (HBV/HCV)

31
Q

Viral uncoating inhibitors

A

Amantadine
Rimantadine
NOT used any more (resistance)

32
Q

Viral nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

A

Guanosine analogs: acyclovir, etc (HSV/VZV), ganciclovir (CMV)
Viral DNA polymerase inhibitors: cidofovir (acyclovir-resistant HSV), foscarnet (CMV)
Guanine nucleotide synthesis: ribavarin (RSV/HCV)

33
Q

Release of viral progeny inhibitors

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors: oseltamivir/zanamivir (influenza A/B)

34
Q

NRTIs

A 
Abacavir
Didanosine
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Stavudine
Tenofovir--only nucleoTide
Zidovudine
35
Q

NNRTis

A

Delavirdine
Eva Irene
Nevirapine

36
Q

HIV attachment inhibitor

A

Maraviroc

37
Q

HIV penetration inhibitor

A

Enfuvirtide

38
Q

Integrase inhibitor

A

Dolutegravir
Elvitegravir
Raltegravir

39
Q

Protease inhibitors

A 
Atazanavir
Darin air
Fosamprenavir
Indinavir 
Lopinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
40
Q

Sulfonamides and P

A

Kernicterus

41
Q

Aminoglycosides and P

A

Ototoxicity

42
Q

Fluoroquinolones and P

A

Cartilage damage

43
Q

Clarithromycin and P

A

Embryotoxic

44
Q

Tetracyclines and P

A

Discolored teeth

Inhibition of bone growth

45
Q

Ribavirin and P

A

Teratogenic

46
Q

Griseofulvin and P

A

Teratogenic

47
Q

Chloramphenicol and P

A

Gray baby syndrome

Microbiology (11 decks)

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