Antibiotics (damage cell wall)

Question 1

Beta Lactam Antibiotics

Answer 1

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactams

Question 2

Penicillin

Answer 2

low toxicity

works against many different organisms

many drug-drug interactions

crosses BBB

AE: urticaria (hives), pruritus, angioedema

Question 3

Natural penicillins

Answer 3

Penicillin G & V

Least toxic

1/2 life about 30 minutes

can be used with aminoglycosides

Question 4

Penicillanse resistant PCNs

Answer 4

Nafcillin (IV)

Question 5

Aminopenicillins

Answer 5

ampicillin

amoxicillin

Question 6

ampicillin

Answer 6

common SE: D and rash

1st broad spectrum

PO/IV

Renal sensitive

Question 7

amoxicillin

Answer 7

Less SE compared to ampicillin

Common in peds

ONLY PO

treats ear, nose, throat, GU and skin infections

Question 8

Extended spectrum pcn

Answer 8

pipercillin

always given with a beta lactamase inhibitor

good for pseudomonas

monitor platelets and patients with renal impairment

Question 9

cephalosporins

Answer 9

some cross-sensitivity to PCN
avoid if PCN anaphylaxis
safe for pregnancy
common SE: mild D, abd. cramps, rash, pruritus, redness, edema
Poor oral absorption, more frequently given in acute care settings

Question 10

1st generation cephalosporin

Answer 10

cefazolin (IV only)–common for surgical prophylaxis

cephalexin (PO)- common

No crossing of BBB

Gram +

Question 11

2nd generation cephalosporin

Answer 11

cefuroxime–does not work on anaerobic

cefotetan–intestinal and anaerobic bacteria

IV and PO

minimal crossing of BBB

Question 12

3rd generation cephalosporin

Answer 12

most potent in fighting gram -

ceftriaxone - extremely long acting, crosses BBB

ceftazidime - works on pseudomonas

cefotaxine

Question 13

4th generation cephalosporin

Answer 13

cefepime

very broad spectrum
crosses BBB

Question 14

5th generation cephalosporin

Answer 14

ceftaroline

IV only

treats nasty staph infections

needs to be renally dosed

Question 15

Carbapenems

Answer 15

Broadest spectrum of ALL antibiotics

Last resort

drug induced seizure activity

IV only, must be infused over 60 minutes

Question 16

imipenem/cilastin

Answer 16

very resistant to beta-lactamase

IV only

penetrate BBB and meninges

watch for seizures

treats complicated infections

Question 17

meropenem

Answer 17

less coverage than imipenem

less seizure activity, doesnt degrade kidneys

common SE: rash and diarrhea

Question 18

Glycopeptide antibiotic

Answer 18

vancomycin

Question 19

vancomycin

Answer 19

doesn’t cross BBB

monitor kidneys, peak/trough levels

toxic SE: ototoxic with high levels (can be reversible)
immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
nephrotoxic
watch with paralytics

Red Man Syndrome: usually r/t rapid infusion
infuse slowly, notify HCP, usually not harmful

Question 20

Monobactam

Answer 20

aztreonam

used for gram -

crosses BBB

thrombophlebitis/pain at injection site (only IV/IM)

Question 21

televancin

Answer 21

IV only: usually for skin infections r/t gram + bacteria

AE: renal toxicity, infusion-related rxs, prolonged QT interval, Red Man Syndrome

Question 22

teicoplanin

Answer 22

PO to treat C. diff and pseudomembranous colitis

Long half life

treats gram + bacterial infections (MRSA & enterococcus)