Antibiotics (damage cell wall) Flashcards
Beta Lactam Antibiotics
penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactams
Penicillin
low toxicity
works against many different organisms
many drug-drug interactions
crosses BBB
AE: urticaria (hives), pruritus, angioedema
Natural penicillins
Penicillin G & V
Least toxic
1/2 life about 30 minutes
can be used with aminoglycosides
Penicillanse resistant PCNs
Nafcillin (IV)
Aminopenicillins
ampicillin
amoxicillin
ampicillin
common SE: D and rash
1st broad spectrum
PO/IV
Renal sensitive
amoxicillin
Less SE compared to ampicillin
Common in peds
ONLY PO
treats ear, nose, throat, GU and skin infections
Extended spectrum pcn
pipercillin
always given with a beta lactamase inhibitor
good for pseudomonas
monitor platelets and patients with renal impairment
cephalosporins
some cross-sensitivity to PCN
avoid if PCN anaphylaxis
safe for pregnancy
common SE: mild D, abd. cramps, rash, pruritus, redness, edema
Poor oral absorption, more frequently given in acute care settings
1st generation cephalosporin
cefazolin (IV only)–common for surgical prophylaxis
cephalexin (PO)- common
No crossing of BBB
Gram +
2nd generation cephalosporin
cefuroxime–does not work on anaerobic
cefotetan–intestinal and anaerobic bacteria
IV and PO
minimal crossing of BBB
3rd generation cephalosporin
most potent in fighting gram -
ceftriaxone - extremely long acting, crosses BBB
ceftazidime - works on pseudomonas
cefotaxine
4th generation cephalosporin
cefepime
very broad spectrum
crosses BBB
5th generation cephalosporin
ceftaroline
IV only
treats nasty staph infections
needs to be renally dosed
Carbapenems
Broadest spectrum of ALL antibiotics
Last resort
drug induced seizure activity
IV only, must be infused over 60 minutes
imipenem/cilastin
very resistant to beta-lactamase
IV only
penetrate BBB and meninges
watch for seizures
treats complicated infections
meropenem
less coverage than imipenem
less seizure activity, doesnt degrade kidneys
common SE: rash and diarrhea
Glycopeptide antibiotic
vancomycin
vancomycin
doesn’t cross BBB
monitor kidneys, peak/trough levels
toxic SE: ototoxic with high levels (can be reversible)
immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
nephrotoxic
watch with paralytics
Red Man Syndrome: usually r/t rapid infusion
infuse slowly, notify HCP, usually not harmful
Monobactam
aztreonam
used for gram -
crosses BBB
thrombophlebitis/pain at injection site (only IV/IM)
televancin
IV only: usually for skin infections r/t gram + bacteria
AE: renal toxicity, infusion-related rxs, prolonged QT interval, Red Man Syndrome
teicoplanin
PO to treat C. diff and pseudomembranous colitis
Long half life
treats gram + bacterial infections (MRSA & enterococcus)
